Ninde wari gutekereza ko uburyo abantu bagenda ku butaka bagenda no ku kwezi! Ikompanyi ya BOEING. Ni Ikigo cy’Abanyamerika kiza ku mwanya wa mbere kandi kikaba ari ikigo kinini kw’isi mu gukora ibigendajuru. Gikora indege zikora ubucuruzi mu gutwara abantu n‘ibintu, indege z’intambara, kajugujugu, missile hanwe ni ibyogajuru. Ifite ikicaro muri leta ya Chicago.
Ikompanyi ya Boeing yashinzwe ku taliki ya 15 z’ukwezi kwa 7 mu mwaka w’1916 ahitwa Seattle muri leta ya Washington muri Leta Zunze ubumwe z’Amerika. Yashinzwe n’umgabo witwa William (Bill) Boeing warufite intego ivuga iti” “Build something better“ mu rurimi rw’icyongereza ugenekereje mu kinyarwanda bivuga “kubaka ikintu kiza”.
William Boeng yakoraga ubucuruzi bw’imbaho ariho yakuye ubukungu yari afite. Igihe yari muri Kaminuza yaje guhura n’uwitwa George Conrad Westervelt wari umwenjeniyeri mu ngabo zirwanira mu mazi muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika. Bakundaga kuganira ibyerekeranya cyane no kuguruka hamwe no gutwara ibigenda mu kirere.
Ku munsi w’ubwigenge, Bill Boeing n’inshuti ye George Conrad Westervelt biyemeje kwizihiza umunsi mukuru w’ubwigennge bazenguruka mu ndege zariho icyo gihe zahagurukiraga mu mazi. Bill Boeing niwe wabanje kuzenguruka muriyo ndege yicaye ku mababa yayo amaguru arereta mu kirere. Bill Boeing yafatirije ku mababa y’indege kuko nta mu kandara yari ifite. Indege igarutse hasi yabwiye mucuti we uko yabonye urwo rugendo rwo muri iyo ndege n’uko bumvikana kongera kuguruka bari kumwe. Umunsi wose bawumaze baguruka muri iyo ndege ariho bakuye igitekerezo cyo kubaka indege ikoze neza.
Bill Boeing na George Conrad baje gushinga ikompanyi yitwa “Pacific Aero Products Company” ku taliki ya 15 z’ukwezi kwa 7 mu mwaka w’1916. George yaje gusezera ava muriyo kompanyi Bill Boeing ahita ahindura izina ayita “Boeing Airplane Company” mu mwaka wakurikiyeho.
Indege ya mbere bakoze ni model C two-place seaplane (indege ihagurukira mu mazi) mu kwezi kwa 11 uwo mwaka. Intambara ya mbere iteye Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika zabaguriye indege 51 mu ndege 56 bari bakoze. Aho niho iyo kompanyi yakuye umutungo wayo wa mbere ihita yinjira mu bucuruzi n’igisirikare cy’Abanyamerika.
Mu mwaka wa 1920 ikompanyi ya Boeing yakoze ubwoko bunyuranye bw’indege iza gisirikare n’izitwara abantu n’ibintu. Indege ya mbere yagombaga gutwara abantu B-1 iva ku nkengero z’amazi imwe ijya ku yindi nkengero, ntabwo yakoreshejwe mu gutwara abantu kuko byayitwaraga amasaha 24 kugirango ihaguruke ahubwo yatwaye amabaruwa n’ubundi butumwa bituma ijya mu masezerano n’iposita ya leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika. Mu kwagura ubwo bucuruzi bwo gutwara amabaruwa Boeing yakoze indege bise “Boeing Air Transport” mu mwaka w’1927 yaje kubyara “United Airlines” nyuma y’imyaka ine.
Boeing yaje kugira mukeba ariyo kompanyi yitwa “Macdonnell Douglas Corporation” yari maze gukora indege ‘Douglas DC-3” yakunzwe cyane yatwaraga 90% z’abanyamerika bagenda mu kirere. Mu gupiganwa nabo Boeing yahise ikora indi ndege nini “314 Clipper” yatwaraga abagenzi 90, yarimo ibyumba by’ubwambariro n’ibyumba byo gufatira amafunguro.
Boeing yakomeje gukura no kwamamara ku buryo indege yakoze “Boeing B-17 yatumye abanyamerika batsinda intambara ya 2 y’isi yose. Muri ibyo bihe Boeing yibanze gukora indege z’intambara ku buryo muri spring (March, April, May) 1944 Boeing yasaruye amafaranga menshi kubera buri kwezi bubakaga indege z’intambara 350 zubakwaga ahanini n’abagore bafite abagabo bagiye ku rugamba.
Intambara ya kabiri irangiye komande y’izo ndege yaraguye bituma abakozi benshi ba Boeing batakaza akazi. Ubwo Boeing kugira ngo izahure ubukungu yahize yibanda mu gukora indege z’ubucuruzi zashoboraga kwambuka inyanja y’Atlantic. Mu byukuri Boeing ntabwo ariyo kompanyi nini yatwaraga abagenzi bambuka inyanja, hari n’izindi kompanyi zibikoraga harimo Comet y’abongereza, Caravelle y’abafaransa na Tupolev Tu-104 y’abarusiya.
Mu mwaka w’1958, Boeing yakoze indege nini Boeing 707 yambuka inyanja igatwara abagenzi 156. Iyi ndege yabaye icyamamare kuko yakunzwe n’abagenzi kubera kwihuta urugendo rukaba rugufi no kubera imiterere yayo myiza imbere mu ndege. Nyuma yakoze Boeing 727 trijet na 737 twinjet. Boeing 737 twinjet yaraguzwe cyane mumpera z’ikinyejana cya 20.
Kugirango Boeing ikomeze umwanya wayo no gukomeza gukora indege nyinshi, Boeing yubatse uruganda rwambere runini kw’isi “Everett Factory” rwubatswe mu mezi 16. Indege ya mbere nini yubatswe muri urwo ruganda ni Boeing 747 ifite ubushobozi bwo gutwara abagenzi 490 bakubye inshuro zirenga ebyiri abo Boeing 707 itwara. Boeing 747 yagumye ku mwanya wa mbere mu gihe cy’imyaka 37 igurishwa inshuro 1500.
Mu myaka ijana ishize abantu bavuye ku kugenda ku butaka bageraho bagenda no ku kwezi. Abantu bavuye ku gutwara amafarasi bageraho batembera mu ndege. Buri myaka icumi hagiye habaho intambwe mw’iterambere ry’indege, buri ntambwe yahinduye isi.
Ibyo byose bigakeshwa Ikompanyi ya Boeing ikora indege z’ubucuruzi, indege zikoreshwa mu mirwano n’ibyogajuru.
Mu ndege z’ubucuruzi twavuga nka
Boeing 707/720
Boeing 717/MD-95
Boeing 727
Boeing 737
Boeing 747
Boeing 757
Boeing 767
Boeing 777
Boeing787 n’izindi nyinsi
Mu ndege zikoreshwa mu mirwano harimo
AJ Savage Bomber
Avenger Missile Launcher
B-2 Spirit Bomber
B-9 Bomber
B-17 Flying Fortress
B-18 Bolo Bomber
B-1 Lancer Bomber
B-25 Mitchell Bomber
B-29 Superfortress n’izindi
Mubyogajuru Boeng ikora harimo
376 Satellite
601 Satellite
702 Satellite
Apollo Lunar Spacecraft
Delta Rocket
Boeing yaje guhura n’ibibazo mu myaka ya 1970 irahomba kubera komande y’indege za gisirikare zarwanaga muri Vietnam yahagaritswe ijya mu myenda igera kuri Biliyoni 20 z’amadorari ku ndege Boeing 747. Muri icyo gihe yahagaitse icya kabiri cy’abakozi bayo, igeraho imanika itangazo rivuga ko umukozi usohotse nyuma mu ruganda agomba kuzimya amatara. Murumva aho yari igeze.
Yongeye kuzura umutwe mu myaka ya 1980 aho komande ziyongeye ariko bitayoroheye kubera abakeba bayo aribo Airbus y’abanyaburayi yari imaze gukora indege A320. Muguhangana nabo Boeing yakoze 757, 767 inavugurura 737.
Airbus ni kompanyi ikora ibigendajuru n’ibyohajuru ku mugabane w’i Burayi. Ikaba iza ku mwanya wa 2 mu bigo binini nyuma ya Boeing. Mu myaka 10 guhera 2007 kugera 2016 Airbus yabonye amasoko 9,985 ishobora gukora 5,644 naho Boeing yabonye 8,978 ibasha kurangiza 5,718. Muri iryo rushanwa, izo kompanyi zombi ziishinjanya kubona inkunga zidakwiye za guverinoma.
Mu myaka ya 1990 yongeye kuza ku mwanya wa mbere ibikesha kuba yarongeye kwinjira mu bucuruzi n’igisirikare cy’abanyamerika yubaka indege y’intambara F-22 Raptor hamwe n’indege nini itwara abantu Boeing 777 indege ya mbere yakozwe na mudasobwa kugeza ubu hakaba hamze kugurishwa indege 1000.
Mu mateka ya Boeing yahuye na byinshi harimo guhagarika abakozi, imyenda myinshi, irushanwa nayandi makompanyi akora indege ariko ikinyejana gishize kerekanye ko kompanyi Boeing ishobora gutsinda ibyo bigeragezo byose. Boeing yinjiye mu kinyejana cyayo cya kabiri ifite ubukungu buhagije mu kigega, abakozi b’abanyabwege n’abanjenyeri bahagije.
Joyce Kejo
