Urugendo rw’imyaka 55 ya Radio Rwanda, radiyo yihariye mu gihugu cy’amateka. Ahagana saa sita ku wa Gatandatu tariki 27 Gicurasi 1961, mu kazu gato mu Mujyi wa Kigali rwagati kari gaherereye ahubatse inyubako ikoreramo Banki Itsura Amajyambere (BRD) ubu, hari hateraniye abayobozi barimo Musenyeri Andereya Perraudin, Reignier wari Rezida wungirije w’u Ruanda n’abandi banyacyubahiro b’icyo gihe.
Nta kindi cyari kibahurije aho uretse gutaha bwa mbere studio za Radio ya mbere mu gihugu, Radio Rwanda. Yari amateka akomeye ku Banyarwanda.
Nubwo yumvikaniraga mu Rwanda, siho yakoreraga. Byagombaga guca muri Usumbura mu Burundi (Bujumbura) ahari icyicaro gikuru cya Teritwari ya Ruanda-Urundi ari naho hari Radio nkuru. Ubwigenge bwa Radio Rwanda bwabonetse nyuma y’ubw’u Rwanda mu 1963 ari nabwo ibikoresho byose byimuriwe i Kigali, itangira gukorera mu Rwanda bidasubirwaho.
Wenda wakunze amakinamico nka “Icyanzu cy’Imana [Uwera]”, “Mpariye abaseka [Imari ya Shuni]” n’izindi; ukura wumva ikiganiro cy’abana cya Victoria Nganyira; kogeza umupira bya Kalinda Viateur na Shinani Kabendera [se wa Tidjara Kabendera]; igitaramo cya Sibomana Athanase n’ibindi byose byamenyekanishije Radio Rwanda ikaba ubukombe kugeza ubu.
Ni radio yaciye mu bihe bikomeye…
Yifashishijwe isusurutsa Abanyarwanda mu biganiro byakunzwe cyane nk’intashyo, imikino, amakinamico n’amakuru. Niyo yifashishijwe u Rwanda rutukana n’u Burundi mu 1972, yifashishwa mu gusenya mu bihe bya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi inifashishwa mu kubaka u Rwanda rushya nyuma ya 1994.
Imyaka 55 irashize Radio Rwanda itangiye gukorera mu gihugu, 57 irashize itangiye ibiganiro byayo nka Radio Rwanda.
Kuri uyu wa Gatanu, tariki 18 Gicurasi 2018, muri Kigali Convention Center habereye ibirori byo kwizihiza isabukuru y’imyaka 55 Radio Rwanda imaze ikorera ku butaka bw’u Rwanda.
Ni ibirori byitabiriwe na Minisitiri w’Intebe, Dr Ngirente Edouard n’abandi bayobozi batandukanye, by’umwihariko abanyamakuru bakora n’abakoze kuri Radio Rwanda.
Radio yatangiranye ubukene
Kayigi Albert ni umwe mu banyamakuru batandatu batangiranye na Radio Rwanda mu 1963. Uretse kuba ikoranabuhanga ryari rike, igihugu nacyo nta mikoro ahagije cyari gifite ku buryo hari aho bagendaga n’amaguru bagiye gutara amakuru.
Mu kiganiro yagiranye na IGIHE, uyu musaza wogeje umupira bwa mbere kuri Radio Rwanda yibuka neza uburyo aho bakoreraga hari hato cyane.
Yagize ati “Nahasanze abanyamakuru bane barimo ab’Igifaransa babiri n’ab’Ikinyarwanda na babiri b’Igiswayire […] Hari ubukene, dufite ka studio gatoya kandi ugomba kujya gushaka amakuru rimwe na rimwe ukagenda n’amaguru. Twari dufite imodoka itujyana ku kazi mu gitondo tukagira n’iducyura saa tanu radio ifunze.”
Icyakora, ubukene ntibwababuzaga guhembwa kandi neza ukurikije ibihe bari barimo n’agaciro ifaranga ryari rifite.
Kayigi ati “Baraduhembaga kandi baduhembaga neza. Icyo gihe nahembwaga birindwi kuko nari mfite amashuri abiri arenga kuri segonderi kandi babihaga agaciro. Umuyobozi Mukuru yahembwaga ibihumbi icyenda. Twari tumerewe neza cyane.”
Amabilisi Sibomana ni umwe mu banyamakuru bakoze igihe kinini kuri Radio Rwanda. Benshi bamuzi mu makuru y’Ikinyarwanda ya saa sita 12:45’ na saa moya z’umugoroba.
Imyaka 33 yayimaze imbere y’indangururamajwi za Radio Rwanda, asezererwa mu 2006 ubwo Radio yakoraga amavugurura. Yabwiye IGIHE ko banyuze mu bihe bigoye, ubwitange no gukunda akazi bikababuza gusezera.
Ati “Muri 1973 hari nyuma ya Coup d’état, ubutegetsi bwa Kayibanda buvuyeho hagiyeho ubwa Habyarimana, urumva nta kwibeshya wakoraga neza ariko hakagira abakubwira ngo wenda urashaka kugarura ubutegetsi bwariho, ntabwo wibeshyaga ngo ukore agakosa gato. Byari ukuvuga ibyo bashaka kuvuga. Ni ugukunda akazi umuntu akaba azi icyamuzanye, ni nacyo cyakomeje kuturanga.”
Ikinamico yakundishije benshi Radio Rwanda
Kayigi yavuze ko Radio Rwanda igitangira abari batunze inyakiramajwi bari bake, byatumaga abenshi bajya kuzivumba mu gihe cy’amakuru, ariko ibintu byahinduye isura mu mwaka wa 1982 ubwo hatangizwaga Théatre yaje guhindurirwa izina ikitwa Ikinamico.
Nyabyenda Narcisse azwi nk’Umutoza w’abakinnyi. Nubwo yagiye mu kiruhuko cy’izabukuru izina rye riracyumvikana mu matwi y’Abanyarwanda nyuma y’ikinamico zikinanye ubuhanga. Yatoje abakinnyi b’ikinamico bamenyekanye cyane barimo Sebanani André, Mukeshabatware Dismas na Mukandengo Athanasie n’abandi.
Yagize uruhare mu ikinwa ry’ikinamico zakunzwe cyane nka Icyanzu cy’Imana, Inseko ya Kiberinka, Mazi ya teke n’izindi.
Nyabyenda yageze kuri Radio Rwanda mu 1977 ari umutekinisiye, atangira iby’ikinamico mu 1982. Nubwo benshi bumvaga ikinamico ziryoheye amatwi buri wa kabiri saa mbili na 45, Nyabyenda avuga ko mu kuzikina bahuraga n’imbogamizi zikomeye.
Ati “Washoboraga kuba wahaye umwanya umuntu ngo awukinemo wenda yigize nk’indaya kandi ari umugore ufite abana mu rugo, akagira ubwoba ati ‘ibi bintu nimbikina, umugabo wanjye arabifata ate, abana banjye barabifata bate?”
Ikinamico ziracyakinwa ndetse ku maradio menshi ariko Nyabyenda avuga ko hari ibikwiye kunozwa.
Ati “Buriya abantu bandika ikinamico, hari ibintu byinshi bakabanje kureba. Umuntu wandika Ikinamico inyura kuri Radio agomba kwandikira ugutwi kureba ku buryo uza kuyumva abona imeze nka film. Ibyo bisaba igihe kirekire cyo kubitegura, ntuyivane muri mudasobwa ngo uhite ujya kuyikinisha. Yisome uhe n’abandi bakurebere niba bifite ireme.”
Radio y’ivangura n’amatiku
Radiyo yari iya Leta, ntaho yashobora kwitandukanyiriza n’ibyo Leta yakoraga. Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yahitanye abakozi bagera kuri 14 ba Orinfor, ikigo cyabarizwagamo Radio Rwanda.
Kayigi yabwiye IGIHE ko Radio Rwanda yagize uruhare mu makimbirane yabaye hagati y’u Rwanda n’u Burundi mu mwaka wa 1972, ubwo habaga ubwicanyi Abarundi benshi biganjemo Abahutu bahungiye mu Rwanda, ubutegetsi bwa Kayibanda bwifashisha itangazamakuru mu kwereka u Burundi ko barakaye.
Kayigi yagize ati “Twavugiraga kuri radio Rwanda, bakavugira kuri Radio yabo y’u Burundi dutukana, bavuga ko radio yacu ari igicuma natwe tukavuga ko ari abicanyi. Ni ibintu twakoraga kubera akazi, ntitwari kwihanganira ko bakomeza kudupyinagaza.”
Silas Mbonimana, ni umunyamakuru wakunzwe cyane cyane mu gitaramo. Yatangiye gukora kuri Radio Rwanda mu Ugushyingo 1982.
Avuga ko uko iminsi yashiraga ariko ibintu byagendaga bimera nabi, irondakoko ryigaragaza no mu bakozi bakoranaga.
Ati “Natangiye bimeze neza ariko uko iminsi ishira bigenda bimera nabi kubera ikintu cy’irondakoko. Wasangaga umuntu wese ashaka kumenya aho ukomoka, hakabamo n’abantu b’intagondwa cyane wabonaga bashishikajwe no kumenya uwo uri we ngo bakugirire nabi.”
Radio y’impinduka
Nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, Radio Rwanda yifashishijwe nk’umurongo wo kwigisha Abanyarwanda ubumwe n’ubwiyunge nk’imwe mu ntego za Leta y’Ubumwe.
Ahagana mu 2004, ibintu byahinduye isura. Radio zigenga zatangiye kuvuka umusubirizo mu Rwanda zizana amatwara mashya yo gukora ibisusurutsa urubyiruko nk’indirimbo n’imikino.
Byateye igitutu gikomeye Radio Rwanda, benshi mu bakiri bato batangira kuyivaho bayoboka inshyashya.
Impinduka zatumye Radio Rwanda yivugurura. Ikiganiro cy’imikino cyatambukaga ku wa mbere no ku wa Gatandatu gihabwa iminota 30 buri munsi kugeza ubwo kuri ubu gikorwa isaha imwe buri munsi.
Amavugurura yatumye kandi Radio Rwanda itangira guha akazi abanyamakuru bakiri bato ndetse igaba n’amashami. Ubu ifite Radio zayikomotseho zirindwi zirimo iz’abaturage eshanu.
Umuyobozi w’Ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’Itangazamakuru (RBA), Arthur Asiimwe, yavuze ko mu myaka itanu iri imbere bashaka gukomeza kuvugurura Radio Rwanda n’ibindi bitangazamakuru biyishamikiyeho, ibyo bakora byose bikagendera ku byifuzo by’abaturage.
Ati “Tuzaba ikinyamakuru kiyoboye kandi cyizewe muri byose ku buryo ibyo dutangaje byose bizajya byizerwa n’abadukurikirana. Byari bisanzwe ariko turashaka kubyongera […] Dukeneye gukora nta kubogama.”
Asiimwe avuga ko mu myaka itanu iri imbere bashaka gukomeza kongera ireme ry’ibyo bakora, guhanga udushya no kongera ubushobozi bw’abakozi.
Minisitiri w’Intebe, Dr Edouard Ngirente, yasabye Radio Rwanda gukomeza gufasha abaturage mu iterambere itanga amakuru akenewe n’abaturage.
Yagize ati “Abanyarwanda bifuza itangazamakuru ribagezaho amakuru y’ubukungu n’iterambere kandi acukumbuye. Ibyo murabikora kandi twizeye ko muzakomeza kubikora. Haciye amezi make Guverinoma itangaje gahunda yayo y’imyaka irindwi iri imbere. Iyo gahunda ikubiyemo byinshi Abanyarwanda bakeneye kumenya no gukomeza kuyigishwa mu buryo burambuye […] ku buryo nta n’umwe usigara atayimenye ngo amenye n’ibigomba kuyikorwamo.”
Amavugurura n’ibikoresho bishya byatumye Radio Rwanda kuri ubu ibasha kugera mu gihugu hose ku kigero cya 99% ivuye kuri 70 % byariho mu mwaka wa 2012.
Kuri ubu Radio Rwanda ifite uburyo bw’ikoranabuhanga abayikurikirana bashobora kwifashisha bayumva ari nako bimeze kuri Televiziyo y’Igihugu.
Radio Rwanda yagabye amashami hirya no hino mu gihugu, kuri ubu ifite Radio z’abaturage nk’iya Musanze, Rubavu, Nyagatare, Huye na Rusizi. Ifite na Magic FM igenewe cyane cyane urubyiruko.
Amafoto: Moses Niyonzima