Ubwiganze bw’abagore mu buyobozi bwa za Minisiteri mu Rwanda. U Rwanda rukomeje gushimangira ko ubushobozi bw’Umunyarwandakazi ari ntagereranywa mu iterambere ryarwo, ibi bikagaragarira mu gaciro ahabwa kuva mu rugo kugera mu bushorishori bw’imibereho yagutse y’igihugu.
Imibare irivugira. Kuri uyu wa Mbere ubwo Perezida Paul Kagame yashyiragaho abayobozi bashya, byasize umubare w’abaminisitiri n’abanyamabanga ba leta ari 28, aho abagabo ari 14 n’abagore bakaba 14, ni ukuvuga 50% kuri 50%.
Abaminisitiri bashya bashyizweho ni Aurore Mimosa Munyangaje wa Siporo, Dr Jeanne d’Arc Mujawamariya wagizwe Minisitiri w’ibidukikije na Rosemary Mbabazi wagizwe Minisitiri w’urubyiruko n’umuco.
Abagore nibo bayoboye Minisiteri nyinshi zigera kuri 12, mu gihe abagabo bayoboye icyenda. Utabariyemo Minisitiri w’Intebe, ba Minisitiri n’abanyamabanga ba leta ni 27, aho abagore bagize 52%.
Ibi bishimangira ubushobozi bw’umugore mu iterambere ry’igihugu, ibiteganywa n’Itegeko Nshinga ndetse na politiki y’igihugu yo guteza imbere abagore.
Kuva mu 2003 Itegeko Nshinga rigena ko mu myanya yose itorerwa mu buyobozi no muri guverinoma, abagore bagomba kugiramo 30%.
Perezida w’Urwego Ngishwanama rw’inararibonye mu Rwanda, Rutaremara Tito yigeze gusobanura ko gushyira abagore mu buyobozi “Ni ubushake bwa politiki bujyanye n’ibibera mu Rwanda. Nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, abagore banganaga hafi na 70% by’abaturage bose.’’
Ibihamya bishimangira intambwe idatsikira yo guha umwanya abagore mu miyoborere y’igihugu, aho ubu bageze kuri 50% mu gihe muri Guverinoma ya mbere nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, yari igizwe n’abaminisitiri 20 harimo abagore babiri gusa.
Abo ni Immaculée Gahima Kayumba wari Minisitiri ushinzwe itumanaho no gutwara abantu n’ibintu na Inyumba Aloysia wari Minisitiri w’Umuryango n’Iterambere ry’umugore.
Amateka yerekana ko Guverinoma yo kuwa 28 Nzeri 2004, yari iyobowe na Minisitiri w’Intebe, Bernard Makuza, yari irimo ba Minisitiri 17 n’abanyamabanga ba leta 11. Muri bose abagore bari 10 barimo abanyamabanga ba leta batandatu.
Tariki 14 Nzeri 2010, nabwo hashyizweho Guverinoma nshya ubwo Perezida Kagame yari amaze gutorerwa kongera kuyobora abanyarwanda. Yari iyobowe na Minisitiri w’Intebe Bernard Makuza, igizwe n’abaminisitiri 22 n’abanyamabanga ba Leta batatu.
Iyi Guverinoma yarimo abagore icyenda b’abaminisitiri n’abanyamabanga ba leta.
Muri Guverinoma yashyizweho muri Kanama 2017, ubwo Perezida Kagame yari amaze gutorerwa kuyobora u Rwanda, abagore bari 13 n’abagabo 18. Ni mu gihe muri Guverinoma yari icyuye igihe yari igizwe n’abaminisitiri 19 barimo abagore icyenda naho mu banyamabanga ba leta 10 harimo abagore babiri.
Ubwiyongere bw’abagore muri Guverinoma nta washidikanya ko buzingiye ku bushobozi bwabo n’umusaruro batanga no mu yindi myanya ikomeye yaba mu nzego za leta n’izigenga.
Abagore bari muri Guverinoma y’u Rwanda kugeza ubu
U Rwanda mu ruhando mpuzamahanga
Kuba u Rwanda rufite abagore 50% muri Guverinoma, bivuze ko rwo na Ethiopia ari bo bafite iki kigero muri Afurika, bikaba ari nabyo bihiga ibindi mu kubahiriza ihame ry’uburinganire muri uru rwego.
Umwaka ushize nibwo Ethiopia yashyizeho guverinoma nshya igizwe n’abaminisitiri 20, barimo abagore 10.
Raporo ya 2019 y’ihuriro ry’abagize Inteko zishinga Amategeko (IPU), ku bagore muri politiki, igaragaza ko umwe mu baminisitiri batanu ari umugore, aho kuva mu 2017, u Rwanda ruri mu bihugu icyenda kuva mu 2017 bifite abagore nibura 50% mu myanya ya ba Minisitiri cyangwa abanyamabanga ba Leta.
Ku mwanya wa Mbere hari Espagne ifite abagore 64.7% muri Guverinoma, Nicaragua ifite 55.6%, Suède ifite 54.4%, Albania ni 53.3%, Colombia ni 52.9%, Costa Rica ni 51.9%, u Rwanda ni 52% bayoboye Minisiteri n’abanyamabanga ba leta, Canada ni 50% n’u Bufaransa bukagira 50%.
Uretse muri Guverinoma, abagore bafite ubwiganze mu Nteko Ishinga Amategeko mu Mutwe w’Abadepite mu Rwanda aho ari 61.3% bavuye kuri 14% mu 1994. U Rwanda nirwo ruyoboye ibindi bihugu byo ku Isi mu kugira abagore benshi mu Nteko Ishinga Amategeko.
Mu bucamanza ni 49.6% mu gihe mu buyobozi bw’inama njyanama z’uturere abagore ari 41%. Mu burezi abakobwa bitabira amashami y’imibare, ubumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga bavuye kuri 56.7% muri 2015 bagera kuri 63.9% muri 2018, na ho abitabira amashuri y’imyuga n’ubumenyingiro bavuye 41.8% muri 2015 bagera kuri 43.8% muri 2018, mu gihe abagore bigisha muri aya mashuri bavuye kuri 32.9% muri 2010 bakagera kuri 42.7% muri 2018.
Abagore 59.99% bafite ubutaka basangiye n’abo bashakanye mu gihe 24.63% bafite ubutaka bihariye. Ibi bigatuma 38% by’abagore bakorana n’ibigo by’imari, batanze ingwate ku butaka bwabo. Abagore bakorana n’ibigo by’imari na bo bikubye 2 mu myaka 4, aho bavuye kuri 36% muri 2012 bagera kuri 63% muri 2016.
Isuku igira isoko
Itegeko nshinga rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda ryashimangiye ihame ry’uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye bw’abagore n’abagabo, kandi rinategenya ko mu myanya y’ubuyobozi, abagore bagomba kuba byibuze 30% by’imyanya ihari.
Hashyizweho Inama y’Igihugu y’Abagore akaba ari urubuga rw’ubuvugizi n’ubukangurambanga ku bibazo by’abagore hagamijwe kongera ubushobozi bwabo no kugira uruhare mu iterambere ry’igihugu muri rusange n’iry’abagore by’umwihariko.
Uretse itegeko Nshinga, hari andi mategeko arengera uburenganzira bw’umugore nk’iryerekeye imicungire y’umutungo w’abashyingiranywe, irage n’izungura, itegeko rihana icyaha cy’ivangura n’amacakubiri, itegeko ryerekeye ishyirwaho ry’abayozi b’inzego z’ibanze n’itegeko rigena imikoreshereze n’imicungire y’ubutaka mu Rwanda.
Hari itegeko rigena imikorere n’inshingano by’urwego rw’igihugu rushinzwe iyubahirizwa ry’uburinganire hagati y’umugore n’umugabo (GMO), itegeko rigena ishyirwaho ry’abahagarariye u Rwanda mu nteko y’umuryango wa Afrika y’Uburasirazuba n’itegeko rikumira kandi rihana ihohoterwa iryo ariryo ryose rishingiye ku gitsina n’ibindi.
