Menya bamwe mu bacitse ku icumu rya Jenoside bafite imitekerereze icuramye. Mperutse gusohora inyandiko igaya indi y’abanyarwanda 27 banditse ariko isohoka ari nka ‘tract’ kuko amazina y’abayanditse atagaragaraga. Kuyavumbura byatumye basohora inyandiko nk’iyo ariko noneho ifite amazina y’abayisinye 28.
Ibyo bisobanura ko nyuma yo kubavugaho, abo twavuze mbere hiyongereyeho umwe. Inyandiko twanenze ni iy’Abacitse ku icumu rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi ariko bapfobya Jenoside, bakibasira abarimo Dr. Jean Damascene Bizimana wa CNLG, na njye.
Nyuma yo gusohoka kw’iyo nyandiko igaya ibyo abo 28 banditse, amaradiyo asanzwe aha ijambo abajenosideri n’abayihakana yabahaye ijambo ngo biyamamaze. Ayo maradiyo ni BBC-Gahuzamiryango n’Ijwi rya Amerika (VOA). Abashinjwa ntawe ayo maradiyo yahaye ijambo ngo agire icyo avuga ku byo baregwa. Ibyo bikaba ari ugutatira umwuga w’itangazamakuru.
Naganiriye n’abantu benshi bagize icyo bavuga kuri iyo nyandiko, ari abavuga ko ibyo abo 28 banditse ari “icyo umurengwe ukora.” Hari uwanyandikiye avuga ko “iyo nyandiko ikomatanyirijemo ibintu byinshi, imeze nk’umugezi usumira byinshi kugeza wisibye.”
Iyi nyandiko uyiciye hejuru, wagira ngo harimo politiki (gusa); nyamara, ahubwo koko abayanditse bagaragaje uburwayi Abatutsi batari bake barwaye mbere ya Jenoside, noneho bukaza kugera irudubi, kubera ko politiki zadutse zabahuhuye. Byabaye nko guhumira ku mirari. Umwe mu bo twavuganye yarambwiye ati “ni amahirwe dukesha Imana, kuba iyi nyandiko yabo rero yarasesekaye hanze, bityo ikagaragaza akamaro k’inyandiko n’ibisubizo bya Dr. Jean Damascene na Naphtal Ahishakiye ku rwandiko rwa Diane.”
Ujya gukira indwara arayirata! Ubusharire bw’umuti w’imizi ya Jenoside ku banyarwanda bacitse ku icumu bugaragaza ko ukora neza, iyo abawanga batangiye kwivamo nk’inopfu. Gusa, ntiduseke uwabuze hirya no hino, amagambo acurikiranye araterwa n’umutima wuzuye agahinda nyine ko gutsindwa urugamba rw’ubuzima n’ubutwari.
Aba 28 ntibazi cyangwa bibagiwe ko ubusugire bw’igihugu buruta kure ingirwa-busugire y’udutsiko utu n’utu. Hari aho bigera, urwishigishiye akarusoma, noneho bigatanga isomo. Ingaruka ubwazo hari abo zizumvisha ko bagomba kuva ku giti bakareba umuntu, bakanareka kuba nk’ikirondwe cyumiye ku mwite!
Ubugoryi n’agasuzuguro
Mu gusesengura iriya nyandiko ku buryo bwimbitse ndetse nkurikije n’ibyo navuganye n’abashimye icyo navuze ku byatangajwe na bariya 28 bigize abavugizi ntawabatumye, harimo ingingo zitandukanye zikwiye kwitabwaho.
Ingingo ya mbere: Iyo nyandiko ivuga ko igenewe Nyakubahwa Paul Kagame nka Perezida wa Repubulika y’u Rwanda. Nyamara abanditse inyandiko banayoherereje abandi bayobozi bo mu zindi nzego ziri munsi y’umukuru w’igihugu, mbere/hejuru yo kuyishyira ku karubanda.
Iyo baza kwandikira ziriya nzego hanyuma bakabimenyesha Perezida wa Republika, amahitamo nk’aya wayita ubupfura, icyubahiro, ingeso nziza cyangwa inzira nziza. Guhitamo guteza ubwega mu nzego, bigaragaza ko batanditse iyi nyandiko bakeneye igisubizo, ahubwo ari uburyo bwo gusuzugura, gusuzuguza no gusebya Perezida n’inzego zimwunganira. Mu Kinyarwanda, babyita gushyira undi ku karubanda.
Ingingo ya kabiri: Iyi nyandiko irunganira inyandiko ya Diane Shima Rwigara wingingira Perezida Kagame gukoresha ubushobozi bwe mu gufasha gukurikirana no guhagarika icyo yise impfu za hato na hato zaba ziterwa n’ubwicanyi, ahereye ku rupfu rwa Assinapol Rwigara na Jean Paul Mwiseneza, kandi izi mpfu bakazishyira ku gatwe k’inzego z’umutekano.
Aha niho uhita wumva ka gasuzuguro ku buryo bweruye. Inyandiko y’aba 28 si ikirego, ahubwo ni ukunegura, kunenga no gusenya ubuyobozi bwa Perezida wa Republika, nk’ukuriye akanahagarikira izo nzengo ziregwa izo mpfu.
Ingingo ya gatatu: Abasinye iyi baruwa bishyize hamwe nk’Abacitse ku icumu cyangwa abavugizi b’Abacitse ku icumu ba Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Utazi amateka wakeka ko Abacitse ku icumu ba Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi ari 28 gusa cyangwa ko Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi ifite abavugizi 28 gusa. Nta kundi wasobanura ububasha abantu 28 bafite ngo bishyire hamwe bakandika ku kintu nk’iki mu izina rimwe.
Ingingo ya kane: Iyi nyandiko iremeza ko hari amacakubiri Abacitse ku icumu barimo kubibwamo. Uko ari 28, ntibagaragaza itsinda cyangwa uruhande bashyizwemo ku ngufu cyangwa uruhande bifuza kubarirwamo. Nta n’ubuhamya bw’Abacitse ku icumu bari ku ruhande uru n’uru, byaba hagati y’abo 28 ubwabo cyangwa se n’abandi. Urwego rugena ubucikacumu n’amahari avugwa mu bucikacumu nibyo byakemura uru rujijo.
Usoma iyo nyandiko ugakeka ko aba 28 bavugira Abacitse ku icumu bakeka ko bari mu bo Dr. Jean Damascene, Naphtal Ahishakiye na njye bavugaho inenge y’ubucika ku icumu bugoramye. Izi mpaka zakemurwa n’inyandiko ivuye ku bandi Abacitse ku icumu, nabo bakavuga impande bashyizwemo cyangwa bifuza kujyamo.
Ingingo ya gatanu: Iyi nyandiko ntabwo ari ikirego gusa, ahubwo iraburira urundi ruhande rw’Abacitse ku icumu n’abanyarwanda. Abanditse iyi nyandiko ntibakiri abavugizi cyangwa Abacitse ku icumu gusa, ahubwo ni abajyanama b’inararibonye cyangwa abahanuzi: “Nyakubahwa Perezida, tubasabye tubikuye ku mutima kubikurikirana bigahagarikwa bidatinze kuko ingaruka zabyo zizasenya ntizubaka”.
Ingingo ya gatandatu: Iyi nyandiko irandega nk’umushakashatsi n’impuguke muri Jenoside gushyira imizi ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi kuri bamwe mu bayikorewe, nka Musenyeri Smaragde Mbonyintege. Njye icyo nakoze ni ukwerekana isano y’amagambo ya Myr. Mbonyintege n’ay’abatoza ba Jenoside (Anastase Makuza, Hassan Ngeze, Sixbert Musangamfura, Juvenal Habyarimana, Musenyeri Thadeyo Nsengiyumva, Simon Bikindi na Leon Mugesera) nkerekana ko bo bageze ku cyo bifuzaga: kugwingiza imitekerereze ku bakoze, ku bazize n’abarokotse Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.
Aha icyo umuntu yavuga ni uko impuguke zose zizakubwira ko Jenoside ifite imitegurirwe n’imigirire. Uzicwa n’uzica barategurwa ku buryo bunonosoye, maze igihe cyagera buri wese agakina uruhare rwe neza neza.
Mu rwibutso rwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi rw’i Nyamata, hari ahantu hari amagambo y’uwacitse ku icumu nyakwigendera Ntagengwa Felesiyani: “Iyo uza kwimenya, nanjye ukamenya, ntuba waranyishe”. Ujya gukora n’ujya gukorerwa Jenoside barabanza bakavanwamo ubumuntu. Bombi baba ari imbata z’imitekerereze n’imigirire byihariye bya Jenoside. Uwica aba yumva ari ngombwa gukora Jenoside, uhigwa akumva ko nta kundi byagenda.
Mu Rwanda rwa nyuma ya 1959, abitwa Abatutsi, guhera mu bwana kugeza mu zabukuru, bahuye n’urwango runuka n’ubugome ndengakamere. Icyakora basigaranye amahitamo atatu gusa: Guhonga, Guhunga cyangwa Guhora.
Hari uwambwiye ati “Abatutsikazi barahonze karahava, babona amaramuko n’imiryango yabo ibona agahenge. Hari n’Abatutsi bahonze n’ingo zabo n’ababo, ku buryo baje kurusha ubutoni Abahutu bamwe. Abandi babonye ubuhungiro mu bihugu byinshi no mu mirimo y’ubwarimu n’ibisa nabwo.” Nibyo Joseph Habyarimana Gitera yari yarise gusyigingiza.
Muri za 90, byaragaragaraga ko amahitamo yo “Guhora” cyangwa “Kwirwanaho” ariyo yonyine yagira umumaro. Nyamara n’inararibonye z’Abatutsi zari zarasunnye neza neza. N’igihe bisuganyije muri politiki bagombye gutara amaboko ku banyampuhwe b’Abahutu bashinga ishyaka ryapfa kubavuganira.
Niko ishyaka Parti Liberal ryavutse. Iyo ngirwa-buhungiro imaze gushwanyuka, hari hasigaye iki kindi? Musenyeri Smaragde Mbonyintege yashoboraga kwandika cyangwa kwigisha tewolojiya yo kwibohora (Liberation theology). Abatutsi bari bakeneye agakeregeshwa ko kwirwanaho, kandi aka gakeregeshwa ntikari kuva imuhana.
Ingingo ya karindwi: Abanditse iyi nyandiko barasobanura ko icyabagize Abacitse ku icumu, ni “Jenoside yadukorewe n’icyatumye turokoka, cyaba ubutwari bw’uwo ari we wese watumye bamwe muri twe bakurwa mu nzara z’abaduhigaga, cyaba ubuntu bw’abahishe bamwe muri twe, cyaba amahirwe bamwe muri twe bagize yo kurorongotana, kwihisha cyangwa kwirwanaho ku bundi buryo kugeza Jenoside irangiye, nta kindi”.
Iyi myumvire y’aba 28 iragaragaza aho bageze mu rugendo rwo gukira Jenoside. Baracyarembye. Nta guhonga, nta guhunga, nta no guhora, byagize uwo bikiza muri 94. Bwarije, buracya. Izuba ryararashe, izuba ryararenze. Imvura yaraguye irahita. Kwirwanaho, kwihisha, kurorongotana, guhishirwa, byose byageze aho birarangira, hasigara urupfu gusa. Abatutsi bashatse umuntu wabatabara baramubura, barishaka baribura, bashaka Imana barayibura, ubundi bahebera urwaje.
Ku muntu rero wageze kure nk’uko, kandi yaratojwe neza gupfa, urumva ko atapfa kwakira agakiza. Ni urundi rugendo kubanza kwikuramo imitekerereze n’imigirire byabanjirije Jenoside nyir’izina, mbere yo kugarura ubumuntu, noneho ukabona gutera intambwe ugana intsinzi.
Ntibitangaje iyo aba 28 bavuze ko babona Jenoside itahagaritswe, ahubwo Jenoside yararangiye. Si ishyano, ntawaseka uwabuze epfo na ruguru, akabura hirya no hino. No muri Gacaca, amateka meza ya Jenoside burya atangwa n’interahamwe. N’ubwo Interahamwe zitahatirwa kwemera Jenoside, ariko ubwazo ziyemerera ko zahagaritswe n’uko Inkotanyi zatsinze intambara.
Inkotanyi zatsinze intambara, noneho Jenoside irekera aho. Niba Inkotanyi zaratsinze intambara, noneho Jenoside ikarekera aho, ibyo birahagije, kuko bijyanye n’imyumvire umuntu ashoboye. Yewe n’uwaba yararokokeye mu nkambi ya Nyarushishi, yakwemera ko Abafaransa baje huti huti, kubera ko Inkotanyi zari zifite umuvuduko wotsa igitutu gikabije inshuti z’abo Bafaransa.
Igitutu, umuvuduko n’intambara by’Inkotanyi byabujije abicaga kwisanzura neza ndetse byatumye hari uwo abishi batabonera igihe gihagije. Na none, umuntu utari mu nkotanyi, icyo yakora ni ugutega amatwi ubuhamya bw’Inkotanyi. Kwemera ubwo buhamya ni imyumvire ya buri muntu. Abantu benshi bemera ko Inkotanyi zakoze uko zari zishoboye kwose. Utabyemera ni imyumvire ye mike ikiri muri MRND. Ariko ntacyo bihindura ku buhamya bw’ubivuga cyangwa ubyemera.
Muri aba 28, harimo abashatse itsinda ryihariye bahitamo ku mugaragaro gushima abakoze Jenoside. Umwe muri abo ni Tabitha Gwiza wita abajenosideri intwari. Ntabwo waba waracitse ku icumu ukanavuga ko uharanira inyungu z’Abacitse ku icumu warangiza ukavuga ko abantu bazwi ko bakoze Jenoside n’abayipfobya ari intwari. Uvuga ko gukora Jenoside, kuyihakana no kuyipfobya ari ibikorwa by’ubutwari aba atandukaniye he n’umujenosideri?
Kanda ahawumve aho Gwiza avuga ko Thereza Dusabe, wakatiwe gufungwa burundu n’Inkiko Gacaca kubera gutsemba Abatutsi mu cyahoze ari Komini Butamwa ari Intwari itagereranywa. Icyo amushimira ni ukuba yarabyaye akanarera umutoza w’ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside, Ingabire Victoire Umuhoza. Abifatanyije cyangwa abafatanyije na Gwiza ushima abakobwa n’abuzukuru ba Mbonyumutwa basabitswe na Jenoside bakwiye kumenya ko baremye igice cy’Abacitse ku icumu bashima abakoze icyaha bavuga ko barokotse ubwicanyi bwacyo. Kuba mu itsinda rimwe n’abameze nka Gwiza ni uguharanira kugira icyangiro.
Ingingo ya munani: Abanditse iyi nyandiko nibo ba mbere badukanye imvugo y’umwenda udashira Abacitse ku icumu bafitiye Inkotanyi. Aha ho harimo kwivuguruza, kuko twemeranyijwe na bo ko Jenoside yarangiye, uwagombaga gupfa wese yapfuye Inkotanyi zitarahagera. Ikindi nemeranyijwe na bo ni uko ubuhamya bw’interahamwe bwemeza ko intambara yarangiye igihe Inkotanyi zatsindaga. Ubwo rero niba aba 28 n’ababo bose barasagutse, bakisanga intambara yabasize bagihumeka, nta n’impamvu yo gukoresha ijambo Jenoside cyangwa kwiyitirira no kurwanirira Abacitse ku icumu.
Ingingo ya cyenda: Abanditse iyi nyandiko barashyigikira ko gucika ku icumu ari kamere idakurwaho, itongerwa cyangwa ngo igabanywe n’imitekerereze n’imigirire myiza cyangwa mibi.
Icyakora, rimwe na rimwe, imitekerereze y’umuntu ubwayo hari ubwo imukubita amacenga, cyangwa igatuma umuntu yivamo nk’inopfo. Ni uburenganzira bw’umuntu kwemera cyangwa guhakana icyo ashaka cyose. Ijambo umwenda, ntiryigeze rikoreshwa n’Inkotanyi, igihe zatsindaga intambara zinesheje ingabo za Leta yateguye Jenoside. N’igihe Jenoside yarangiraga Inkotanyi ntizakoresheje iryo jambo umwenda.
Mu buhamya bwazo, zivugira ko zarwanyaga akarengane kandi zikarangwa n’urukundo rw’igihugu n’abanyarwanda bene wabo. Ntawabishidikanya uretse abafite ubwenge bwayobye nk’ubwa Gwiza na Esperance Mukashema wunze ubumwe n’uwo ari we wese washimishijwe na Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Nta byago nko guterwa ishema no guhemuka.
Iyo Inkotanyi zigambirira “gukopa” IBITAMBO byazo abantu, ntiziba zararwanye kandi ntiziba zaratsinze. Ushobora gutandukanya intambara na Jenoside, ndetse ushobora no kwishyiramo ko warokotse intambara ahubwo utarokotse Jenoside. Ni uburenganzira bwawe. Ushobora no gusobekeranya amagambo, ukemera ko warokotse intambara gusa, ariko ugaharanira ubusugire bw’Abacitse ku icumu. Ariko se koko abo iyi nyandiko yitwa ko ivugira bakwemera ko gucika ku icumu ari ukutagira umurongo ngenderwaho mu buzima?
Ese aba 28 barashaka kwemeza ko Abacitse ku icumu bose bameze nk’ibibabi byumye cyangwa amababa mu muyaga? Baranashaka se kuvuga ngo Abacitse ku icumu barahuhutwa, barahungetwa, bameze nk’ibihuhwe, babaye ibirondwe byumiye ku mwite inka yarariwe kera? Ni ugutuka Abacitse ku icumu kubagereranya n’abantu barangwa no kutamenya icyatsi n’ururo, batazi ikibi n’icyiza. Kwemera iby’aba 28, byashoboka ku muntu warwaye igihumura cyangwa usinzirijwe n’ikinya. Iri niryo hahamuka bavuze!
Abacitse ku icumu benshi cyane, nzi ko bize isomo ryo kwambarira kuba imena, gutwaza bagana imbere, mu runana rw’imihigo. Kurokoka Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi byabasigiye ishyaka ridasanzwe ryo guhitamo guhora bakunda ibyiza, ubutabera, amahoro, urukundo n’ubupfura. Uyu ni umurage barerewemo kandi bakawituramo agaciro ku babo bishwe muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.
Usibye kwiyita Abacitse ku icumu rya Jenoside (n’ubwo batazi uko yarangiye), aba 28 ntibatubwiye imyirondoro yabo, usibye kuba baganje mu mahanga.
Iyo batubwira ibigwi byabo ngo tumenye isoko n’ingero z’ubunararibonye bwabo mu byerekeranye n’ubusugire bw’abantu n’amahoro mu mibanire. Gusa, amagambo asa no “kwihenura ku nkotanyi” ntagaragaza inzira nziza zo gukemura imibanire mibi. Ntibyatangaza abantu nk’aba basuzuguye n’ibitambo by’abacu bazize Jenoside. Imvugo ivogera abandi nka Perezida w’u Rwanda, inzego z’igihugu n’abanyamuryango ba FPR, ntabwo ariyo yarengera cyangwa ngo yigishe agaciro n’umutekano w’abanyarwanda.
Abazwi cyane muri aba ni nka Masozera Etienne. Uyu yahoze muri MRND, bukeye ajya muri FPR, noneho ava muri FPR ajya muri ARENA, avuye muri ARENA ajya muri AMAHORO People’s Congress (APC). Urugendo rwe rwa politiki ameze nk’ufite ikimwirukansa amasigamana. Abamuzi neza ariko bahereye ku bwoba bwamuciye ku bantu abakeka kuba abambari ba FPR bakeka ko afite ikintu kimwirukamo; ameze nk’umuntu wirega igihemu cyangwa ubugambanyi runaka. Umuhemu n’umugambanyi niwe utagira aho ajisha igisabo, ku buryo no kwikora mu nda atabitinya.
Harimo na Jovin Bayingana. Jovin azwi mu banyarwanda baba muri Leta ya Maine. Ni uwacitse ku icumu wihebeye umutwe w’iterabwoba wa RNC cyane birazwi. Hari uwambwiye ko utamwegera utari muri RNC.
Ntawabavuga ngo abarangize. Nka Innocent Sendashonga, abanyarwanda batuye muri Boston basanzwe bamuziho kuba indondogozi. Sendashonga ngo ahora arata ko akiri mu Rwanda, yakoze muri Bralirwa akomeye cyane. Ariko na none akagutakira ko yababajwe no kuba umucikacumu wiswe Interahamwe kubera kuba muramu wa Robert Kajuga. Muri iyi minsi, Innocent afite akabyiniriro ka Leah Karegeya (umugore wa Patrick Karegeya). Muw’1994 Jenoside y’Abatutsi ikorwa, uyu Sendashonga yabaga i Kinshasa.
Undi utazwi cyane ni Richard Niwenshuti. Mu muryango w’Abacitse ku icumu muri Boston, ntabwo Richard bamuzi neza nk’umwe muri bo. Richard yaje kumenyekana aho madamu Karegeya na RNC badukiye muri Boston. Kwa Karegeya, uyu musore ngo ni umwana mu bandi.
Ntibazaduheho
Abanditse iyi nyandiko bageze irudubi. Ubundi ingaruka nk’izi zo mu mutwe no ku mutima zajyaga kubaho kuri benshi iyo Jenoside irangira kandi Interahamwe zigatsinda intambara. Ariko ubwo hari abo izo ngaruka zanze zigafata, ni ukubihagurukira hakiri kare, bitaba icyorezo. Kwirinda kwa mbere ni ukuvuga ngo “Ntumpeho”, aka ya ndirimbo ya Rugamba. Uburwayi nk’ubu burangwa no kwihakana icyo uri icyo, ugasigara ucuramye mu bitekerezo ni bubi cyane.
Abita abandi ingwate za RPF barabiterwa n’uko bo ubwabo ari imbata z’imizi ya Jenoside. Intambara yo kwibohora igira ibice bitandukanye. Igice cy’ingorabahizi ni icyo “kugangahura”. Uwo muti urasharira kurusha indi yose Abanyarwanda twanyoye.
Tubisubiremo, ujya gukira indwara arayirata. Ubwo Interahamwe zibikuye ku mutima zaje gusaba imbabazi no kuruka uburozi bwa Jenoside, ndetse n’abonse umwanda wa Hutu power bakaba basigaye bawusezerera ku karubanda, wasanga n’Abacitse ku icumu nk’aba nabo batahiwe kwigobotora imizi ya Jenoside yabashamitswemo maze bakareka guhingira ku rwiri. Igihuru tureke kugica amazuru. Si Abacitse ku icumu bazaba icwende ry’uburozi bagaburiwe n’abahekuye u Rwanda.
Imikurire n’imiterere y’imitekerereze, imyumvire n’imigirire by’Abanyarwanda biri mu byiciro bitandukanye. Igihugu kimeze nk’umuryango mugari ugizwe n’ingeri zose. Aho twavuye hatweretse ko hari umurongo ntarengwa. Ibitekerezo bibi biragawa bikamaganwa.
Twitter: @TomNdahiro