Ibindi biganiro byo gushakira umuti ikibazo kiri hagati ya Ethiopia na Misiri gishingiye k’umugambi w’urugomero rw’umuyagankuba ruri ku ruzi rwa Nili biri byasubukuwe i Washington muri Amerika. Uru rugomero rukaba rurimo kubabakwa na Ethiopia.
Mu mwaka ushize italiki ntarengwa yari yafashwe kugirango iki kibazo kimaze igihe gishakirwa umuti, ariko ibiganiro biheruka mu mezi ashize ntacyo byagezeho.
Nirwahera kwubakwa, urugomero bise Grand Rennaissance ruriko rwubakwa na Ethiopia ruzoba ari rwo rugomerero runini ruri ku mugabane wa Afrika.
Rwatanguye kwubakwa mu mwaka w’i 2011, mu gice citwa Nile Bleu, mu misozi ya Ethiopia ahasanzwe hisuka ibice 85% vy’amazi ya Nili.
Ariko vyatumye haduka ukutumvikana hagati ya Misiri na Ethiopia, binatera n’ikibazo igihugu ca Sudan, kandi benshi bibaza ko bishobora gutera ingwano hagati y’ivyo bihugu, ubu Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika zikaba ziriko zirafasha mu guhuza izo mpande.
Kubera iki uru rugomero ruteye ukutumvikana?
Ingomero z’umuyagankuba ntizinywa amazi, ariko umuvuduko Ethiopia izoyuzuza mu bubiko bw’urwo rugomero bizogira ingakura ku kuntu yari asanzwe yisuka.
Uko bitwara umwanya munini mu kuyuzuza mu bubiko, mugihe buzoba busumba ikisagara ca Londres, bungana na metero Cube miliyaridi 74, niko bizogira ingaruka nkeyi ku rugero rw’amazi mu ruzi.
Igihugu ca Ethioppia gikeneye kwubaka uru rugomero mu myaka 6.
”Dufise umugambi wo gutangura gushira amazi mu bubiko mu gatasi kaza, kandi tuzotangura gutanga umuyagankuba dukoresheje ingomero ntoyi 2 mu kwezi kwa 12 mu 2020”, niko umushikiranganji ajejwe amazi wa Ethiopia Seleshi Bekele yavuze mu mwaka uheze.
Ariko Misiri yashimye ko ico gihe coba kire kire – kugira uruzi rwa Nili ntirugabanuke cane, na cane cane mu ntango bariko buzuza mu bubiko bw’ingomero ayo mazi.
Ibiganiro hati y’ivyo bihugu 3: Misiri, Ethiopia na Sudan, bijanye n’ibikorwa vy’urwo rugomero hamwe n’ingene rwuzuzwa amazi ntivyigeze bitera intambwe muri iyi myaka 4 irenga – ubu naho Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika ziriko zigerageza guhuza izo mpande.
Inyuma y’ibiganiro vyabaye mu ndwi iheze, Umushikiranganji Seleshi yagirije Misiri ko idafise ugushaka kwo gushika ku masezerano.
Umushikirangnji wa Ethiopia ajejwe amazi
”Sinibaza ko igihe abanyamisiri baza ngaha, bari biteguye ku gushika ku masezearano”, niko Seleshi yabariye umumenyeshamakuru wa BBC Kalkidan Yibeltal.
“Kandi hari iyindi nteguro yo kwuzuza amazi mu ngomero y’ikirangamisi bateguye baraheza barazana”.
Iyo nteguro isaba ko ingomero zuzura haheze imyaka iri hagati ya 12 na 21. ”Ibi ntibishoboka na gato”, niko yavuze.
Umushikiranganji ajejwe amazi Mohamed Abdel Aty wa Misiri yasubiwemwo avuga ko impande zose zerekanye ibibazo bihari harimwo n’ukwuzuza amazi mu ngomero.
Kubera iki Misiri yarakaye?
Misiri izeye uburaro n’uburamuko gushika kuri 90% ku mazi ya Nili. Birazwi no muri kahise ko kuronka amazi ya Nili ari ntabanduka ku kubaho kw’igihugu kandi ni ikibazo ku gihugu arinze abura.
Amasezerano yo mu 1929 hamwe n’ayandi yo mu 1959 aha ibihugu vya Sudani na Misiri ububasha bwose ku ruzi Nili.
Urwo rwandiko rwo mu gihe ca gikoroli ruha ububasha bwose igihugu ca Misiri ku migambi yose ishobora kugira ingaruka mbi yofatwa n’ibihugu bigaheza bikagira ingaruka kw’igaburwa ry’ayo mazi hagati y’ivyo bihugu.
Ayo masezerano ntiyerekana kandi urugero rw’amazi akenewe uko rungana ku gihugu kitari mu vyayashizeko umukono, harimwo Ethiopia, kandi igice ca Nili bita Nile Bleu kiri mu birekurira amazi menshi muri urwo ruzi.
Ethiopiya ivuga ko ayo masezerano amaze imyaka iharugwa mu mirongo kandi atabuza ico gihugu kwubaka urwo rugomero, kandi ko yatanguye kurwubaka mu kwezi kwa 3 mu 2011 idahanuje igihugu ca Misiri.
Nile yisuka mu gisagara ca Aswan ku birometero hafi 920km uvuye i Kayiro
Umukuru w’igihugu ca Misiri yavuze mu kwezi kwa cenda kw’umwaka uheze ko atari yiteze ko azohava aja mu kibazo ca politike gikomeye nk’uko.
Kimwe mu ntambamyi y’iki gihugu co mu buraruko bwa Afrika n’uko iki kibazo c’amazi gishobora kugira ingaruka ku ruzi Nasser, urundi ruzi rwakira amazi ya Nili, ruri inyuma y’urugomero rwa Aswan ari rwo rutanga umuyagankuba mwinshi muri Misiri.
Ethiopia ivuga ko kimwe mu vyasabwe imbere ya vyose na Misiri muri ayo masezerano kwari uko urwo rugomero rufatanywa n’urwa Aswan.
Seleshi yabariye BBC ko yasiguriye abanyamisiri ko bigoye guhuza ingomero 2. ”Inyuma y’ugutana mu mitwe kuri iki kibazo bagarukanye ikindi kibazo uyu musi kijanye no kurwagura”, niko yavuze.
Misiri ifise amakenga ko uru rugomero rwogabanya urugero rw’amazi ya Nili rusanzwe rwaragabanutse, kandi ariyo atunze abanyagihugu b’ico gihugu.
Bishobora no gutuma ingendo ku ruzi Nili zisubira inyuma kubera amazi yoba make, bikongera bikagira ingaruka ku buzima bw’aborozi be n’abarimyi batunzwe no kugomera amazi aho barima.
Kubera iki Ethiopia ikeneye urugomero runini cane uku?
Amadolali angana n’imiliyaridi 4 yagenewe kwubaka uru rugomero ajanye no gushira mu ngiro indoto z’ibijanye n’amahinguriro n’ibindi bikorwa vy’iminwe.
Nvyaja mu ngiro, Ethiopia ishobora kwimbura umuyagankuba ungana na Megawatt ibihumbi 6.
Iki gihugu gifise ubukene bw’umuyagankuba kandi 65% y’abanyagihugu baho ntibafise internet.
Umuyagankuba uzoboneka uzoba ukwiye abanyagihugu b’ico gihugu, bashobore no kudandaza inyongera mu bihugu bibanyi.
Ethiopia ibona kandi ikibazo c’uru rugomero nk’iteka ku gihugu.
Mw’ishirwa mu ngiro ry’uyu mugambi, iki gihugu ntigiharura ku mafranga yo hanze ariko kuri Leta hamwe n’abikorera ivyabo.
Ethiopia yagumye yidogera ico yise kwisuka mu bibazo vyayo.
Hari uwundi abifisemwo inyungu?
Ego. Ibihugu bibanyi harimwo Sudani, Sudani y’epfo, Kenya, Djibouti na Eritrea birafise inyungu kuri urwo rugomero.
Ethiopia yemera mu 2020 urwo rugomero ruzotangura
Vyinshi muri ivyo bihugu bifise ubukene bukomeye bw’umuyagankuba.
Kuri Sudan ni akunguko kuko amazi yisesa ava kuri urwo rugomero azoba azwi – bivuga ko azoba ari ku rugero rumwe ku mwaka.
Kenshi iki gihugu kirashikirwa n’ingorane zikomeye z’imyuzure y’amazi mu kwezi kwa 8 na 9.
None ibi bishobora gushikana ku ngwano?
Hari amakenga ko ibi bihugu uko ari bibiri bishobora kuja mu ngwano itazoshobora gutora umuti.
Mu 2013, hari amakuru yafashwe mu kinyegero yerekana abanyepolitike bo muri Misiri basaba ko haba ibikorwa bibi kuri Ethiopia bivuye kw’iyubakwa ry’urwo rugomero.
Umukuru w’igihugu Sisi nawe nyene yarasubiwemwo avuga ko yofata ingingo zishoboka zose zo gukingira amategeko yabo ajanye n’uruzi Nili.
Mu kwezi kwa 10, umushikirianganji wa mbere wa Ethiopia, Abiy Ahamed, yabariye abashingamateka ko ata nguvu na zimwe zohagarika Ethiopia ku bijanye n’ukubaka urwo rugomero ziriho.
Mu mwaka uheze ishirahamwe rirereka ibijanye n’amatati kw’isi, International Crisis Group, ryaragabishije ko ivyo bihugu bishobora kuja mu ngwano ivuye kuri urwo rugomero.
Kubona igihugu ca Amerika caje gufasha vyerekana ko iki kibazo giteye amakenga- kandi bikenewe ko vyorengera ibibitandukanya.
Misiri yamye ishaka ukuza kwa Amerika muri ayo matati, inyuma y’aho Sisi asabiye ko Trump ahuza izo mpande, ariko Ethiopia ubwa mbere yasa n’iyitavyemera.
Amatati hagati y’ivyo bihugu 2, vyose bisanzwe bicuditse na Amerika, ashobora gutanga inyungu kuri ivyo bihugu vyose, nk’uko aya matati ashobora gutuma abantu baharugwa mu miliyoni b’abasivile bisanze mu kaga.
Ashobora gusubiza inyuma urudanzwa rusanzwe rukomeye mu umuhora wa Suez co kimwe n’uwo mw’ihembe rya Afrika, nk’uko abakurikiriana ibintu n’ibindi b’ikigo Washington Institute babivuga.
None ubu hariko haba iki?
Intambwe ikurikira izoba iy’abashikiranganji bajejwe amazi be n’ab’imigenderanire b’ivyo bihugu bibiri, bazohura kugira bagerageze gushika ku masezerano imbere y’uko ikiringo categekanijwe kirangira italiki 15 z’ukwezi kwa mbere.
Ikiringo cari cagiyeho mu kwezi 11 inyuma y’inama zari hagati y’umushikiranganji wa Amerika ajejwe ikigega ca leta hamwe n’umukuru w’ibanki nkuru kw’isi David Malpass.
Ibihugu biza imbere muri ayo matati vyitezwe ko bizosubira kwumvikana ku kindi kiringo i Washington mu misi iza.
Intambwe ya mbere ni ukuraba ico kiringo n’umuhuza. Ikibazo gisigaye ni ikijanye n’umufasha.
Umushikirangji ajejwe amazi yabariye BBC ko ”Ibi bikeneye amasezerano hagati y’ivyo bihugu 3. Ingingo ya 10 ntiyerekana ko ari nkenerwa kuri buri gihugu”.
US PRESIDENT’S OFFICE Donald Trump arizeye ko izo mpande zizogira ico zishitseko
Niyo zitahuza mu kwezi kwa mbere italiki 15, impande ziganira zizosaba uwundi muhuza, canke iki kibazo zigishirwe mu minwe y’abakuru b’ibihugu, co kimwe no mu kwezi 11 mu mwaka uheze.
“Ibizoba bikwiye ni uko hatangwa icegeranyo ku barongozi bacu kugira berekane ko hoba hari intambwe zabaye mu kugitorera umuti”, nk’uko vyavuzwe na Seleshi.
Ku musi w’Imana umushikiranganji wa mbere wa Ethiopia Abiy Ahmed yasavye umukuru w’igihugu ca Afrika y’epho Cyril Ramaphosa gufasha nawe nyene mu matati ari hagati y’ibi bihugu.
Abiy yavuze ati nk’umuntu agiye kuzezwa umuryango wa Afrika, Ramaphosa ashobora gufasha mu gutora umuti w’iki kibazo mu mahoro.