Nyuma ya Brexit Ubwongereza burashaka kongera ubuhahirane na Africa, mu gihe inama nini y’ishoramari “UK-Africa investment summit” itangira uyu munsi i Londres Matthew Davies aribaza niba ibi ari andi mahirwe kuri Africa.
Ubucuruzi bubamo amacenga menshi, amasezerano y’ubucuruzi akarushaho. Ibiganiro biganisha kuri ayo masezerano biba bikubiyemo ibintu byinshi.
Inzira iganisha Ubwongereza hanze y’ubumwe bw’Uburayi (EU) iragana ku musozo.
Mu gihe Ubwongereza buba bwavuye muri uyu muryango mu mpera z’uku kwezi buzaba bufite amezi 11 yo gushaka amasezerano y’ubucuruzi na EU kugira ngo bitabangamira amategeko y’umuryango mpuzamahanga w’ubucuruzi, WTO.
Minisitiri w’intebe Boris Johnson n’abashyigikiye uruhande rwe rwo kuva muri EU bakomeje kugaragaza ibyiza byo kutaba muri EU, harimo ububasha bwo gushaka amasezerano yabo ukwabo ku nyungu z’Abongereza ubwabo.
Ibyo bivuze iki kuri Africa?
Alok Sharma, umunyamabanga wa Leta y’Ubwongereza ushinzwe iterambere mpuzamahanga yizeye ko nyuma y’ibyo ubuhahirane, ubucuruzi n’amasezerano y’ubucuruzi na Africa bizazamuka.
Bigaragara ko guverinoma y’Ubwongereza ibishyizemo imbaraga.
Iyi nama ya UK-Africa Investment Summit ni nk’ikimenyetso cy’ibyo, nubwo impinduka mu bucuruzi zidahita ziboneka ako kanya. Bishobora no gufata imyaka.
Hazahinduka iki Ubwongereza nibuva muri EU?
Urebye, nta kizahinduka mu mpera z’ukwa mbere.
Hazaba ibikorwa n’imbwirwaruhame za politiki ariko Ubwongereza buzakomeza kubahiriza amasezerano yo guhuza imipaka n’isoko rimwe rusange ry’uburayi kugeza mu mpera za 2020.
Hari n’ibiteganywa ko ibyo byakongererwa ikindi gihe cy’imyaka ibiri, ariko ibi bishobora no kuvanwaho na Boris Johnson.
Ibyo bisobanuye ko ubuhahirane bw’Ubwongereza na Africa buzakomeza kuba ubusanzwe mu 2020, hagendewe ku masezerano atandukanye asanzweho hagati ya EU na Africa.
Noneho nyuma ya 2020?
Amasezerano anyuranye ya Africa n’Ubwongereza – noneho bwavuye noneho muri EU – azakomeza kubahirizwa na nyuma y’uyu mwaka.
Buvuze ko ibireba ubucuruzi (ibiciro, ibipimo, ibitemewe n’ibindi) bizakomeza kuba nk’uko ubu bimeze hagati y’ibihugu bya Africa na EU cyangwa indi miryango y’ibihugu yishyize hamwe bifitanye amasezerano.
Urugero, mu kwezi kwa cyenda umwaka ushize, Ubwongereza bwatangije amasezerano y’ubucuruzi na Southern African Customs Union (Sacu) igizwe na South Africa, Botswana, Namibia, Lesotho, eSwatini – na Mozambique.
Basinye ko bazareka ibintu uko bimeze mu masezerano y’ibi bihugu byo mu majyepfo ya Africa bifitanye na EU.
Ni amasezerano asa n’ayo umuryango wa EU usanzwe ufitanye na Sacu.
Liz Truss, umunyamabanga wa leta y’Ubwongereza ushinzwe ubucuruzi avuga ko aya masezerano “azatuma Ubwongereza bukomeza ubucuruzi nta nzitizi, na nyuma ya Brexit”
Mu isi, Ubwongereza bufite amasezerano nk’aya azakomeza agera kuri 40 yose areba ibihugu bigera kuri 70.
Ubwongereza bwemerewe gushakisha amasezerano nk’aya n’ibihugu bisanzwe biyafitanye na EU.
Ese Africa yavana ku Bwongereza amasezerano meza kurushaho?
Mu gihe Ubwongereza buvuye muri EU, urebye buzaba bufite ijambo ritari rinini mu guciririkanya.
Ibyo bishobora gusobanura ko mu biganiro by’ubucuruzi n’Ubwongereza ibihugu bya Africa bishobora gushyiramo ingingo zibiha inyungu, nubwo yaba nto, kurusha uko byari bimeze mbere.
Nk’uko twabivuze mbere, ibiganiro by’ubucuruzi bibamo amacenga menshi kandi bisaba umwanya n’amafaranga.
Intangiriro yabyo ni mu mpera z’ukwa mbere, Ubwongereza buzashyira imbere cyane gutangira ibiganiro by’ubucuruzi.
Ubwogereza buzibanda cyane kuri Africa?
Umuhate munini bazawushyira ku biganiro byo kubona amasezerano na EU, umuturanyi kandi umufatanyabikorwa wa mbere wabo mu bucuruzi.
Nyuma y’ibi, amasezerano n’ibihugu nk’Ubushinwa, Amerika, Koreya y’Epfo na Australia niyo azakurikiraho, bivuze ko urebye Africa iri hasi ku rutonde rw’ibyihutirwa.
Ariko nanone ni ikibazo cy’ingano n’agaciro. Urugero; Africa y’Epfo nicyo gihugu cyo munsi y’ubutayu bwa Sahara gikorana ubucuruzi na EU kurusha ibindi.
Amabuye y’agaciro, imodoka n’ibikomoka ku buhinzi byoherezwa muri EU kandi muri ibyo 18% bijya mu Bwongereza.
Nubwo bimwe muri ibyo bicuruzwa bishyirirwaho imbibi zimwe na zimwe.
Ubwongereza bushobora kuvanaho ayo mananiza?
Mu biboneka, Ubwongereza bushobora gufungura isoko ryabwo kurusha uko bimeze ubu mu masezerano ariho, ibintu nk’abenga imivinyu muri Africa y’Epfo babonamo inyungu.
Mu by’ukuri, bisa n’ibidashoboka kumenya ikizabaho, ibi bisobanuye kwa gusobekerana n’amacenga mu biganiro bigeza ku masezerano y’ubucuruzi.
Brexit izangira ingaruka ku bindi bice by’ubukungu bwa Africa?
Yego, ingaruka za Brexit si ku bucuruzi gusa.
Ibi byagaragara nk’Ubwongereza buguye mu ngorane z’ubukungu nyuma ya Brexit. Ibi byazahaza cyane Africa y’Epfo.
UN ivuga ko kuri Africa y’Epfo Ubwongereza ari igihugu cya munani mu buhahirane (import – export) ku isi.
U Rwanda narwo ntirwasigara kuko leta y’u Rwanda ivuga ko Ubwongereza ari igihugu cya kabiri mu gushora imari mu Rwanda, aho cyashoye miliyoni 448$ mu myaka ine ishize.
Kompanyi zikorera mu Rwanda nka; Bank ya Kigali, Urwibutso, Mara Phones, Rwanda Finance Ltd, Ampersand, Cogebanque, Africa Improved Foods na Water Access Rwanda ziri ziitabire iyi nama y’i Londres.
Mu gihe ubukungu bw’Ubwongereza bwazahara, ubukungu bw’u Rwanda cyangwa Africa y’epfo nabwo bwakumva kuri ako kaga.
Ni iki abakora ubucuruzi bakwitega?
Nyuma ya Brexit, kompanyi z’ubucuruzi muri Africa zisanzwe zikorana na EU zizacungira hafi ibiganiro by’ibihugu byabo n’Ubwongereza.
Ibi bisobanurwa na Matthew Stern wo muri kigo DNA Economics i Pretoria.
Ati: “Byose nibigenda uko biteguye, ibyagenderwagaho bizakomeza, ariko impinduka ntoya ku ruhande urwo ari rwo rwose zishobora guhenda cyane kompanyi z’ubucuruzi”.
Kuva uyu munsi, abanyapolitiki – barimo na perezida w’u Rwanda – hamwe n’abacuruzi bo muri Africa barahurira i Londres biga ku bintu nk’ibi, haracyari byinshi byibazwa.
Birashoboka ko iyi nama yaganira ku kugumishaho ingingo ziri mu masezerano asanzweho, kumanura izo ngingo, cyangwa ikindi, birashoboka ko hazabaho ibiganiro bishya.
Kutamenya ikigiye kuba ni umwanzi w’ishoramari.
Inyuma ya ziriya ndamukanyo no gusekerana mu nama nk’izi haba hari impungenge zikomeye z’ikigiye kuba cyangwa ikizaba.
BBC