Twashatse kumenya icyo Ruzibiza Abdul wanditse igitabo buri munyarwanda wese ushaka kumenya ukuri kubyabaye mu Rwanda muri 1994 yagobye kugura agatunga ariko twe muri ciyo gitabo twashatse kumenya icyo yanditse kuri Jenerali Paul Kagame n’uruhare yagize mu ntambara ya APR. Mu gace k’icyi gitabo Ruzibiza Abdul atangira yibaza iki kibazo: Niyihe mpamvu Jenerali Major Paul Kagame avugwa kenshi?
Impamvu nuko nta byaha ndengakamere bivugwa byakozwe atatanze amabwiriza, cyangwa byibuze atabimenyeshejwe mbere y’igihe. Afite ubushobozi bwo kuyobora agatsiko k’abagizi ba nabi akoresheje bamwe mu basilikare be n’izindi nzego zahinduwe igikoresho cye bwite cyo gukandamiza no guhohotera Abanyarwanda.
Ubwo yageraga kurugamba, mu cyumeru cya gatatu cy’ukwezi kwa cumi mu mwaka wa 1990, yakubitanye ‘a‘asilikare bigometse batamushakaga na gato. Kuri we yari intangiriro mbi. Ariko Kagame yagize amahirwe atunguranye ku mpamvu ebyiri.
Iya mbere nuko yaje urugamba rurimbanije bikomeye. Abasilikare ba FAR ( Ingabo zitwaga Inzirabwoba) bari baturutse Ngarama, Mimuri na Muvumba bari bamaze kugota ingabo za FPR ( Inkotanyi) zibatunguye.
Abayobozi bazo baribahangayikishijwe kandi barangariye kuri icyo kibazo gikomeye Inkotanyi zari zahuye nacyo kuko Inzirabwoba zari ziri kubamishaho urufaya rw’amasasu.
Impamvu ya kabiri ni uburakari Perezida Museveni yari afite kuko ingabo za FPR zari zatangije urugamba atazihaye amabwiriza. Ikindi kandi mugihe atarashira umujinya, nuko mu ikubitiro ry’intambara abahezanguni bo muri FPR bahise bivgana umujyanama we, Jenerali Major Gisa Rwigema.
Perezida Museveni yamukundaga nk’umwana we bwite. Iyicwa rya Rwigema ryatumye Museveni ata icyizere cy’abayoboraga urugamba rwa FPR-Inkotanyi. Abuze uko agira yahise yohereza Paul Kagame. Icyakurikiyeho akigera ku mirimo yari ahawe, ni iyicwa rya ba Major Bunyenyezi na Bayingana bari bahanganye nawe kandi bamubamgamiye. Intego ye yayigezeho kuko umunsi yageze ku rugamba abo bagabo babiri nibwo bapfuye.
Nyuma y’icyo gitego yari atsinze, Kagame yahise ashyiraho umutwe w’abamurinda bwite bahoze ari abarindaga Rwigema yari yaravane nabo mu gihugu cya Uganda. Aha twababwira ko Rwigema yarindwaga n’abasilikare bo mu mutwe urinda Perezidansi ndetse hakabamo n’abarinda Perezida Museveni. Izo nizo ngabo zizewe zafashije Kagame kuyobora Ingabo z’Inkotanyi.
Akiri muri iyo mirimo ye, nanone Kagane yifashishije abahoze mu mutwe w’iperereza rya gisilikare (DMI) yahoze ayobora ubwo yari akiri mu NRA ( Ingaboz’inyeshyamba za Museveni ubwo yari ataragera ku butegetsi). Baramutinyaga bikomeye kuko bari bazi ubugome bwe bukabije: nta numwe wabashaga kugira icyo arenza ku mabwiriza ye mu gutinya ko wahita uraswa cyangwa ukicishwa agafuni.
Mu ngabo ze zamuhakwagaho cyane harimo Kayumba Nyamwasa, Didas Kayitare bitaga Intare batinya. Niwe wari ushinzwe umutwe w’ingabo zarindaga Rwigema. Paul Kagame yaje kumwirenza kuko ngo yarasuzuguraga. Yiyegereje abandi basilikare bo mu rwego rwo hasi ariko aziho guhakirizwa cyane nka James Kabarebe. Uyu yaje kugirwa umukozi wungirije mu kigo cya gisilikare birangira ahawe kuyobora umwe mu mitwe yo hejuru mu gisilikare.
Kabarebe niwe wari umuhuzabikorwa bya gisilikare mu barinda Kagame akaba n’umujyanama we ukomeye kuko yaramwumvaga kurusha abandi. Muri ako gatsiko ke yashyizeho sous-Lieutenant Charles Kayonga yungiriza James Kabarebe.
Abo ba sous-Lieutenant babiri bagizwe ibigirwamana kuburyo nta n’umwe washoboraga guhinyuza amategeko batanze. Batangaga amabwiriza mu izina rya Kagame mu gihe umwungirije mu buryo buzwi nta jambo yagiraga. Barakundwakajwe ku buryo byazanye amahari mu basilikare bari bafite amapeti yo hejuru. Uwo wari umuvuno wa Kagame washaka gucamo ingabo ibice ngo abone uko abayobora. Nguko uko umusangirarungendo Kapiteni Kayitare yatakaje umwanya we ugafatwa na Kayumba Nyamwasa. Bitwaje ko Kapiteni Kayitare , wari ushinzwe iperereza atabashije gusonaura urupfu rwa Rwigema.
Undi mu sous-Lieutenant Frank Mugambage nawe yinjijwe muri ako gatsiko. Yafashe umwanya wa Alphonse Furuma wari Komiseri mukuru mu bya politiki. Mugambage yari avuye muri Batayo ya cyenda(9) aho yari ashinzwe imirimo y’ubutegetsi busanzwe.
Ibyabaye kuri Didas Kayitare niyo ntangiriro ya Kagame yo gukoresha igitugu mu gisilikare. Niwe musilikare wa mbere wakubiswe mu gihe hari abandi wabona ko ntacyo Kagame ababwiye. Yaje mu nama yacyererewe kubushake maze kagame amukubita inshyi n’imigeri myinshi cyane. Abasilikare bakuru bari muri iyo nama byarabarenze kubyemera. Sam Byaruhanga na Charles Musitu babaye aba mbere mu kwamagana icyo gikorwa bise ikinamico. Baravuze bati: “ Katitare, uri imbwa. Uratugurishije. Wimakaje umuco wo kujya bakubita abasilikare.
Bwaracyeye biraba kuko abasilikare ndetse n’abo mu nzego nkuru batangiya kujya bakubitwa kuko uwo “muco” wari uje ku kagambane ka Kayitare. Uyu Kayitare yaje kwicwa ku mabwiriza ya Kagame kuko hari byinshi bari batacyumvikanaho. Nyuma y’iminsi micye na Komanda Sam Byaruhanga nawe yishwe n’umusilikare witwa Mustapha Higiro. Uwo Higiro kagame yatanze itegeko ko bamufunga gusa. Hashize imyaka ine bafashe ubutegetsi, baramufunguye bahita bamugira Kapiteni.
Yahawe umushara we wose w’iyo myaka yari amaze afunzwe. Charles Musitu we bahise bamushyira mu kiruhuko cy’izabukuru imburagihe kuko yarwanyaga ikubitwa ry’abasilikare. Kugirango yimike igitugu cye burundu, Kagame yateje akajagari mu gisilikare cya FPR mu nzego z’ubuyobozi. Yatangaga amapeti kubo akunda ari nako yigizayo abo yabonagamo ikibazo.
Bitangira yatanze itegeko ko buri musilikare wese wo mu rwego rwa Ofisiye avana ku ntugu ze amapeti bambaraga bavanye muri Uganda. Kuva kuri Serija (Sergeant) usanzwe washoboraga kuba yayobora ipeloto ( abasilikare batarenga 20) kugeza kuri ba ofisiye bo hejuru buri wese yashoboraga kuba ya Komanda. Niwe wenyine wasigaranye igarade rya Major. Yasheshe batayo zose zari zivuye ku rugamba. Batayo ya 1, iya 4, iya 9, iya 11… zaravanzwe noneho bazishyira mu zindi bundi bushya.
Mu ntambara z’inyeshyamba ubu buryo hari ubwo butanga umusaruro. Ni ubundi buryo bwo kujijisha umwanzi. Ariko kuri Kagame, bwari uburyo bwo kwikiza abamubangamiye no kuzamura abiyemeje kumurambaho byaba ngombwa bakanamupfira. Iryo vangavanga rya za batayo ryateye urujijo rukomeye kuburyo bamwe mu basilikare batamenyaga aho babarizwa bikabaviramo ibibazo bikomeye.
Nyuma y’izo mpinduka, Paul Kagame yashyizeho uburyo bushya bw’imiyoborere ya APR, igisilikare ya FPR. Ku isonga yashyizeho umwanya w’Umugaba w’Ikirenga, we bwite ntawe umwungirije. Iyo politiki ye yo muri 1991 ntiyahindutse kuko bamaze gufata ubutegetsi muri 1994, yabaye Visi-Prezida noneho aba Prezida mu mwaka wa 2003, ntawe yashyizeho umwungirije kuko uwo mwanya wahise useswa. Icyo gisilikare cyari cyubatswe ku buryo Kagame ari we wenyine wagiraga abamurinda, noneho bikamuha ububasha bwo kuyobora uko abyumva cyane cyane iyo yabaga ategura ibyaha ndengakamere by’ubwoko bwose.
Mu by’ukuri kuva nakwinjira mu gisilikare , sinigeze numva Kagane yatumije inama yo kwiga ku kibazo runaka. Yahamagazaga amanama atari ukugira agishe inama, ahubwo ari ugutanga amabwiriza cyangwa gutangaza impinduka. Nanone yatumizaga amanama afite abo ari bwibasire; akabatesha agaciro muruhame bamwe bagakubitwa inkoni n’amakofe. Izo nama kandi nta gahunda y’ibyigwa zagiraga. Inama zatangizwaga n’ibitutsi zikarangizwa n’ibitutsi kandi nta nyandiko-mvugo zagiraga.
Ibyaha byose byakozwe n’ingabo za FPR yari amabwiriza ya Kagame cyangwa undi yahitagamo guha ako kazi bitewe nuko we abyumva. Mu by’ukuri nubwo hariho ubuyobozi bwo hejuru, Kagame yari afite undi mutwe we bwite ushinzwe gutara amakuru no kumuha raporo wari ufite ububasha busumba ubwa ba Komanda. Komanda usanzwe ntacyo yari cyo ugereranije nabo bamukoreraga rwihishwa. Imirimo yakorwaga macuri kuko mu bisanzwe ushinzwe iperereza atanga raporo kwa Komanda. Ushinzwe ipererza rero yatangaga raporo kuri Kagame cyangwa se kuri wa mutwe mukuri ushinzwe iperereza rya gisilikare (DMI). Igisilikare cyari na za maneko bwite za Kagame.
Uwo mutwe wihariwe niwo ushinjwa ibyaha ndenga kamere byakozwe n’ingabo za FPR Inkotanyi kuva muri 1990 kugeza magingo aya. Muri buri tsinda habagamo ushinzwe iperereza. Umubare wabo uteye kwibaza. Urugero nko muri divisions enye (4) harimo Brigades 12 zigabanijemo Batayo 45, nazo zigabanijemo Kompanyi 360, izi zikaba zigizwe na Peloto 1080; nazo zigizwe na segisiyo 3040. Muri izo Diviziyo 4, Ingabo za FPR zifitemo ba maneko 3500, muri bo bamwe bakaba batazwi.
Wa mutwe w’iperereza rya gisilikare DMI nawo ukagira nibura abashinzwe iperereza 500 baza mu biro buri gihe. Muri abo wongeraho ba Komiseri politiki nabo bakora akazi ko gupererza ariko barahawe amasomo ya politiki. Abo banyanyagizwa mu baturage basanzwe bumviriza uwaba yagaragaza ko afite icyo atishimiye cyangwa anenga ubuyobozi bagahita bamutanga.
Ibi bisobanuye ko u Rwanda rugoswe na za maneko. Kuri abo kandi ni ngombwa kongeraho umutwe wihariye w’abarinda Kagame ubarirwa mu bihumbi 3500, nibura abazwi. Abo bose niba maneko. Mu mutwe w’abapolisi ba gisilikare ( abapiyemu), harimo nibura abashinzwe iperereza 1000 mu bihumbi 2500 bigize uwo mutwe. Mu gipolisi gisanzwe naho harimo byibuze ba maneko ibihumbi 3000.
Ibikorwa by’abo bamaneko bihuzwa na Kagame ubwe utanga amabwiriza uhereye hehuru ukageza ku rwego rwo hasi cyane. Noneho raporo zikava hasi zigana hejuru kugera kuri Kagame.
Muri rusange uko abaturage bicwa ku mabwiriza ya Kagame bikurikiza iyo nzira. Hari ba maneko babigize akamenyero babaye indakoreka kubera gukora ibyo Kagame yifuza bitwaje ko bakoranye nawe igihe kirekire. Bamuha raporo barangije akazi, cyangwa bakabimenyesha agatsiko bityo idosiye ikaba irarangiye. Hari abasilikare batumgurwa nuko baba bashyizwe muri ibyo byaha nyamara batazi iyo biva nyio bijya. Abo bahita bigizwayo.
Ubundi Kagame yikiza abasilikare atagishaka akurikije ibintu byinshi harimo urwego rw’amashuli bize cyangwa imitererey’imibiri yabo. Nyamara benshi mu birukanwe basumbya kure amashuli Kagame. Ibi kandi byumvikane ko umwuga wa gisilikare ubusanzwe udasaba impamyabushobozi zihanitse. Wavuga iki ku basilikare bo hejuru nka Fred IBINGIRA umuntu utazi gusoma no kwandika usinya akoresheje inyuguti z’icyapa zicuritse nyamara akaba ayoboye ingabo zigera ku bihumbi 20. Mu gisilikare nibyo hari imyanya isaba kujyamo abize kuko abasilikare bo hasi baba bafite ubutumwa bahawe n’igihugu.
Mu nyandiko yo hejuru twashatse kwerekana ko igisilikare cya FPR Inkotanyi cyiyobowe kuva Kagame yakigeramo kugeza uyu munsi. Mu gutinya kwirukanwa ku mirimo yabo, abasilikare batize badafite ukundi babaho, bahitamo gupfukamira umutware hasi ngo barinde akazi kabo. Bazi neza ko baramutse birukanwe Kagame yababuza amahoro kuburyo gusubira mu buzima busanzwe bitashoboka maze ubukene bukabugariza. Ndetse ubusanzwe umusilikare wirukanwe mu kazi arakurikiramwa bikomeye kuko aba yabasha kugira ibikorwa bibi ageze hanze. Ntabwo yemerewe guhumgira mu mahanga. Ubwo buzima buhahamura bamwe mu basilikare bigatuma bihambira kuri Kagame kabone nubwo batamwemera.
Uburyo Kagame akoresha mu kwimika igitugu nuko akora uko ashoboye kose abasilikare be ba hafi baba baragiye mu bikorwa byo gutsemba abaturage cyangwa se ubundi bwicanyi butegurwa. Ibyo bituma bumva ko bafitanye igihango cy’ibanga ry’ibyaha ndengakamere bahuriyeho kuko bakingirana ikibaba. Iyi ni ingingo ikomeye niba ushaka kumva politiki mbi ya Kagame. Bamwe mu basilikare be ba hafi bashobora kumupfira gusa kubera ko bafatanije ibyaha ndengakamere.
Ngibyo rero ibyo Abdul Ruzibiza wabaye mu gisirikari cya RPF yasize yanditse. Uyu Ruzibiza ntabwo yari umuntu usanzwe kuko yavuye muri APR afite ipeti rya liyetona kuburyo ibyo avuga abizi ndetse bikaba binafite agaciro kuko byanditswe nawe kuko ibyinshi yarabyiboneye ibyo atiboneye yabibwiwe n’ababibonye.
