Urupfu rwa Murwanashyaka na Mudacumura n’ifatwa rya Bazeye; indunduro ya FDLR?. Umwaka wa 2019 ukomeje gusiga mu icuraburindi umutwe w’iterabwoba wa FDLR kubera ibikorwa by’Ingabo za RDC nyuma y’isezerano rya Perezida Félix Tshisekedi wiyemeje guhanagura burundu imitwe ihungabanya umutekano yiganje mu Burasirazuba bw’igihugu cye.
Tshisekedi akijya ku butegetsi, yatangaje ko agiye gukora ibishoboka byose akagarura amahoro muri Kivu y’Amajyaruguru yigabijwe n’imitwe y’iterabwoba.
Aka gace kari kamaze kuba isibaniro ry’imitwe yitwaje intwaro, ndetse hanavugwa inkambi z’umutwe wa P5 urimo abarwanyi ba Kayumba Nyamwasa na FLN yahozemo Nsabimana Callixte uzwi nka Sankara, ariko umunsi ku wundi amakuru y’uko abarwanyi bayo bagizwe intere yirirwa acicikana.
Tshisekedi isezerano rye ubu ari kurishyira mu bikorwa n’ingoga, abasirikare be baryamira amajanja impande n’impande, bafata bamwe mu bayobozi b’uyu mutwe abandi bakabica umusubirizo.
FDLR ni umutwe ugizwe na bamwe mu ntagondwa z’Abahutu zasize zikoze Jenoside mu Rwanda muri Mata 1994 ubuzima bw’Abatutsi basaga miliyoni imwe bukahatikirira.
Abayigize babanje gushinga umutwe witwaga RDR, uza kuvamo ALIR ya mbere na ALIR ya kabiri, bamwe bajya mu Majyepfo ya Congo abandi baguma muri Kivu, baza kongera guhura. Baje no kugenda batatana bajya muri CNRD na RUD-Urunana.
Iyi ALIR niyo yari iyobowe na Gen Paul Rwarakabije wahise uba Umuyobozi wa FDLR nyuma yo kwihuza kw’iyo mitwe, akaza kuva kuri uwo mwanya mu 2003 atahutse, asigira inkoni y’ubutware Mudacumura wishwe muri iki cyumweru.
Uyu mutwe ubarizwa mu Burasirazuba bwa Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo kuva mu ntangiro za 2000 aho bivugwa ko washinze ibirindiro kuva tariki ya 20 Nzeli uwo mwaka.
Mu 2009, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika yashyize FDLR mu mitwe y’iterabwoba nyuma yo kugaragaza ko yagize uruhare mu bitero 12 by’iterabwoba byahitanye amagana y’abantu muri RDC.
Abayobobozi bayo bari gupfa uruhondogo
Kuva uyu mutwe washingwa, ntiwigeze woroherwa na gato kuko wagabweho ibitero bikomeye bigamije kuwutsinsura. Abatarapfuye bakuyemo akabo karenge batahuka mu Rwanda, abandi barafatwa barafungwa.
Mu batashye mu Rwanda barenga ibihumbi 20, abataragize uruhare muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi basubiye mu buzima busanzwe, ubu ni abaturage beza bishimiye intambwe igihugu gikomeje gutera.
Muri uyu mwaka, abari inkingi za mwamba muri FDLR bamwe bisanze bakuwemo umwuka, abandi ubu ubuzima babukomereje mu mapingu i Mageragere.
Ku wa Kabiri nibwo Ingabo za RDC zishe Mudacumura Sylvestre wari Umuyobozi wa FDLR kuva mu 2003 ubwo Rwarakabije yari amaze gutahuka mu Rwanda yitandukanyije nawo.
Mudacumura yari azwi ku mazina ya Mupenzi Bernard, ubundi akiyita Mudac na Pharaoh, amazina yakoreshaga kuri radiyo za gisirikare. Irya Mupenzi ni naryo Umuyobozi w’Ikirenga FDLR, Gen Byiringiro Victor Rumuli, yakoresheje abika urupfu rwe.
Urupfu rwe rwaje nyuma y’uko Ignace Murwanashyaka wahoze ari Umuyobozi w’Umutwe wa FLDR wari ufungiye mu Budage ku byaha by’intambara, nawe aguye muri gereza z’iki gihugu aho yari ari kurangiriza igihano cye cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 13 yakatiwe mu 2015, nyuma y’urubanza rwe rwamaze imyaka ine.
Ni na nyuma kandi y’uko abari abayobozi ba FDLR barimo Umuvugizi wayo Ignace Nkaka uzwi nka LaForge Fils Bazeye na Nsekanabo Jean Pierre Alias Abega wari ushinzwe ubutasi, batawe muri yombi bavuye muri Uganda, gutegura ibikorwa bigamije guhungabanya umutekano w’u Rwanda nk’uko babyiyemerera.
Amakuru ava muri Congo avuga ko Mudacumura yishwe hamwe n’abo bari kumwe barimo Col Soso Sixbert, Col Serge na Major Gaspard wari ushinzwe kumurinda. Abandi 15 bari kumwe nawe ngo bafashwe.
Usibye aba kandi, mu 2016 Ladislas Ntaganzwa wari mu bayobozi b’uyu mutwe yoherejwe mu Rwanda kugira ngo akurikiranyweho ibyaha bya Jenoside akekwaho, ubu ari kuburanira i Nyanza aho ibyaha ashinjwa yabikoreye.
FDLR yacitsemo ibice
Mu 2016 nibwo hamenyekanye amakuru ko umutwe w’iterabwoba FDLR wacitsemo ibice kugeza ubwo abo barwanyi biyemeje gushinga undi mutwe, CNRD (Conseil National pour le Renouveau et la Démocratie).
Amakuru yavugaga ko uyu mutwe washwanyuwe n’igitero wagabye kigahitana abantu batanu, bigateza ubwumvikane bucye hagati y’umuyobozi wabo Gen. Maj. Victor Byiringiro n’icyegera cye, Col Wilson Irategeka.
Byavugwaga kandi ko FDLR yakekaga ko Col Irategeka akorana n’abayirwanya barimo Umuryango Mpuzamahanga n’u Rwanda. Icyo gihe Mudacumura yagumye mu gice cya Byiringiro aricyo cyizwi nka FDLR-FOCA.
FDLR yari yarayogoje RDC
Ni umutwe wakunze kurangwa no gukora amabi ya hato na hato. Mu gihe atari ugufata abagore n’abakobwa ku ngufu, wishe abaturage b’inzirakarengane unasahura utwabo. Aho batishwe, abaturage baba bakwiriye imishwaro babuzwa kurya utwo bihingiye.
Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku mpunzi (UNHCR) ryatangaje ko kugeza muri Mata 2016, abantu basaga miliyoni n’ibihumbi 500 bari bamaze kuvanwa mu byabo n’imirwano ishyamiranya ingabo za Congo na FDLR, kimwe n’indi mitwe yitwaje intwaro ibarizwa mu Burasirazuba bw’iki gihugu.
Mu 2009, Ikigo gishinzwe kurwanya ibikorwa by’iterabwoba muri USA cyatangaje ko FDLR yagize uruhare mu bitero 12 by’iterabwoba byahitanye amagana y’abantu muri RDC.
Imiryango iharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu muri RDC yagiye ishinja abarwanyi ba FDLR ibikorwa by’urugomo birimo gufata abagore n’abana ku ngufu, kwinjiza abana mu gisirikare, gusahura n’ubwicanyi bwibasiye abatari bake mu Burasirazuba bw’iki gihugu mu bihe bitandukanye.
Ni umutwe kandi ugira uruhare mu bucuruzi butemewe nk’aho muri raporo ya Monusco yo mu 2014 yagaragaje ko abarwanyi ba FDLR binjizaga miliyoni 71 z’amadolari ya Amerika buri mwaka avuye mu bucuruzi bw’urumogi n’amakara.
U Burundi mu mikoranire na FDLR
Nubwo bigaragara ko RDC imereye nabi abarwanyi ba FDLR, ku rundi ruhande havugwa ubushuti bukomeye hagati yawo n’u Burundi ndetse ku buryo ngo bamwe mu barinda Perezida Nkurunziza ariwo bakomokamo.
Muri Mata 2015 nibwo, byatangiye kuvugwa ko bamwe mu barwanyi ba FDLR binjiye mu Burundi baturutse muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo.
Ni amakuru yaje mu gihe u Burundi bwari butangiye kwinjira mu bihe bikomeye, ariko nyuma y’ihirikwa ry’ubutegetsi ryaje kuburizwamo nibwo byatangiye kuvugwa byeruye ko FDLR iganje mu Burundi, mu mpuzankana y’abapolisi n’abasirikare.
Ibihamya by’uko u Burundi bukorana n’uyu mutwe uri kugana mu marembera, binagaragazwa n’ibitero bya hato na hato abashaka guhungabanya umutekano w’u Rwanda bagabye muri Nyungwe, aho babaga baturutse mu Burundi kandi bakisangayo nta muntu n’umwe ubakoma mu nkokora.
Nyuma ya Mudacumura, ni bande batahiwe?
Mu bigaragara, imbaraga zashyizwe mu guhashya FDLR ziri gutanga umusaruro ukomeye, nubwo nyuma ya Mudacumura hakiri abandi nabo Congo ikeneye kwita ku kibazo cyabo.
Abo barimo Pacifique Ntawunguka “Omega” uyobora ibikorwa bya FDLR muri Kivu y’Amajyaruguru, Col Ruhinda uyobora FDLR muri Nyiragongo na Goma wanavuzwe cyane mu bitero uyu mutwe wagiye ugaba mu Karere ka Rubavu mu Mirenge ya Busasamana na Bugeshi, Gashirabake, Col Irategeka, Col Kubwayo n’abandi.
Hari kandi n’umuyobozi w’ikirenga wa FDLR, Gen Byiringiro Victor Rumuli bakunze kwita Victor Rumuri cyangwa Michel Byiringiro.
Imbaraga zashyizwe mu kurwanya uyu mutwe umuntu yazishingiraho avuga ko uko byagenda kose uri kugana mu marembera, kuko niba mu mwaka umwe abayobozi bakomeye bose bakubitiwe ahareba inzega, abasigaye nabo ntibyatwara umwanya munini.
Iyi ni inkuru nziza ku Rwanda, ku mahoro n’umutekano wa Congo n’akarere.
