Igitero giheruka cahitanye abatari bake cakozwe n’inyeshamba z’umurwi Etat Islamique/Islamic State (IS) zigendera ku vyiyumviro bikaze vy’abiyitirira Islam mu buraruko bwa Mozambique carahahamuye amakungu.
Abarwanyi baharurwa mu majana bafise ibirwanisho bikomeye barashoboye kwigarurira igisagara kiri hafi y’ikigo kinini gusumba ibindi muri Afrika cimbura gaze (gas). Baragandaguye abantu batari bake, harimwo abasanzwe bamuka muri ako karere hamwe n’abanyamahanga, basiga ibiziga vyaciwe imitwe bisanzaye mu mabarabara.
None, vyagenze gute kugira ngo ibi bintu bibe uko vyabaye? Kubera iki reta ya Mozambique idashobora guhasha uyu murwi? Hakenewe iki kugira ngo ushobore gutsindwa?
Aba barwanyi ni ba nde?
Izi nyeshamba ziyita al-Shabab, ijambo ry’icarabu risigura “urwaruka” canke “insoresore”. Ibi birayovya kuko umuntu yohava yibaza ko ari wa murwi wo muri Somalia ufitaniye isano n’umuhari w’intagondwa al-Qaeda nawo witwa gutyo nyene kandi ari imirwi ibiri itandukanye.
Mbere mu 2019, izi nyeshamba zatangaje ko zunze ubumwe n’umurwi IS utavuga rumwe na al-Qaeda, usanzwe ufise ivyicaro muri Iraq na Syria. Zitaziriye Province de l’État Islamique d’Afrique Centrale canke Islamic State Central Africa Province (ISCAP), (mu Kirundi “Intara ya IS yo muri Afrika yo hagati”), ibi kandi bikaba biyovya abantu kuko Mozambique atari igihugu co muri Afrika yo hagati.
Nk’uko vyagiye vyibonekeza mu bundi burere bw’isi, aha twovuga nk’akarorero muri Mali, Iraq na Nigeria, uyu murwi wagiye utanguzwa n’abanyagihugu b’utwo turere batishimiye ubutegetsi, babona ko bakumiriwe n’ubutegetsi bw’igihugu.
Intara ya Cabo Delgado muri Mozambique aho uyo murwi ukorera, iri ku birometero birenga 1600 kuva ku mugwa mukuru Maputo, ariko ikaba ifise agace kanini gusumba ibindi bihugu muri Afrika kimbwamwo gaze.
Iyo gaze isanzwe yimbwa n’ikompanyi y’Ubufaransa Total, ikaba ifise agaciro gaharurwa kuri miriyaridi 60 z’amadorari y’Abanyamerika, mbere n’ibihugu bitandukanye harimwo Ubwongereza bikaba bifisemwo imitahe.
Ababa muri ako karere baridoga ko ataco baronka kuri ubwo butunzi kama bw’ubutaka bwabo, ivyatumye haduka imigumuko mu 2017, mu nyuma ikaba yagiye kuba “mpuzamakungu” inyuma y’aho umurwi IS ubafatiye mu mugongo.
Aba barwanyi n’aho bari bambaye nabi, ata mpuzu za gisirikare bafise, barashoboye kwigarurira igisagara ca Palma mu mpera z’indwi iheze kuko bari bafise inkoho zikomeye hamwe na vya bikoho bitera amabombe (RPG).
Mu mareresi yakwiragijwe na IS ku mbuga ngurukanabumenyi, abo barwanyi berekanwa biyambariye ibitambara bitukura mu mutwe vyerekana ko baba biteguriye igitero gikomeye.
Bari bafise kandi umunezero mwinshi cane kubona bashoboye gukora ico gitero mu mpande zitandukanye z’igisagara, bituma basumvya inguvu ingabo za reta ya Mozambique.
Olivier Guitta, umuhinga mu bijanye na politike y’isi mu kigo GlobalStrat akaba n’umuhinga mu bijanye n’intambara zishingiye ku vyiyumviro bikaze vy’abiyitirira Islam muri Afrika, avuga ati:
“N’aho ari inyeshamba zamuka muri ako karere, al-Shabab yarashoboye kugiriranira imigenderanire n’imirwi y’abarwanyi b’abasilamu muri Afrika y’Ubuseruko. Abategetsi b’idini ni bo bahagarikiye imyimenyerezo y’insoresore zo mu buraruko bwa Mozambique. “
None bisaba iki kugira ngo bashobore gutsindwa muri ino ntambara?
Inyishu isanzwe ni uko hongerezwa inguvu zisumba izisanzwe zihari ubu.
Imaze kubona ko ari ikibazo gikomeye, reta ya Mozambique yifashishije “abahanuzi” mu vya gisirikare b’abarusiya barenga 200 bo muri kompanyi yigenga karuhariwe ya gisirikare y’Uburusiya, yitwa Wagner Group, hari mu kw’icenda 2020.
Aba basirikare bahoze mu ngabo zidasanzwe z’Uburusiya barashimwa cane n’ibiro vy’umukuru w’igihugu ku bikorwa bakoze muri Syria, Libya n’ahandi.
Baje bazanye za ndege zitagira abadereva (drones) hamwe n’abahinga mu bijanye n’ugutata, ariko nkuko Olivier Guitta abivuga, ibintu ntivyagenze uko bari bavyiteze.
Ati: “Inyuma y’imitego itari mike bagiye bagwamwo maze abarenga cumi muri bo bagasiga ubuzima mu ntambara zitandukanye zabahuje n’abo barwanyi mu mashamba y’intara ya Cabo Delgado, vyabaye ngombwa ko aba barusiya basubiza ibirenge inyuma”.
Ingorane nyamukuru yibonekeza cane ni inzego z’umutekano za Mozambique ziboneka ko ata nguvu zifise, kumbure kandi n’abategetsi mu vya politike bakaba batazibona neza.
Brigadier Ben Barry wo mu kigo c’ubushakashatsi mu bijanye n’imigenderanire, International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS), co mu Bwongereza, avuga ko inyeshamba za IS zerekanye ko zifise ubushobozi bwo kurwana mu turere barimwo, ibi bigatera ibibazo Mozambique n’incuti zayo.
Avuga ati: “Kugira ngo bashobore kurwana mu ntambara zo mu bisagara bisaba ko ingabo za leta ziba zifise ububasha n’ubuhinga bwo kurwanira mu gisagara vyo ku rwego rwo hejuru. Ibi bishobora kuba ari vyo vyerekana inguvu nke zigaragara mu ngabo za Mozambique”.
“Zisa n’uko ata bufasha zironka bwo mu bihugu vyo mu burengero bw’isi, kandi ko ata bushobozi zifise bwo gukoresha indege z’intambara, ibirwanisho ntahusha na vya bimodoka vy’intambara, ibi vyose bikaba ari vyo vyashoboye kwomora abarwanyi ba IS mu bisagara vya Iraq na Syria”.
Mu misi iheze, ubushikiranganji bwo kwivuna abansi bwa Amerika (Pentagon) bwararungitse akarwi gatoya k’abigisha badasanzwe ba gisirikare (Green Beret Special Forces) kugira ngo bafate mu mugongo utwigoro tw’igisirikare ca Mozambique.
Eka na Portugal nayo, igihugu c’igikoloni cahoze gitwara Mozambique, nayo nyene yaremeye ko igiye kurungika abahinga bakeya ba gisirikare kwigisha.
Ku ruhande rwabwo, Ubufaransa aho butuye mw’izinga ryabwo rya Mayotte riri hafi ya Mozambique, buvugwa ko buriko bukurikiranira hagufi ingene ibintu bimeze, nayo Afrika y’Epfo ikaba iriko yihweza ingene ibintu bimeze muri ico gihugu kibanyi. Ibona ko mu gihe ibihugu vyo mu burengero bw’isi vyogira uruhara runini muri ico gihugu, vyoyigirako ingaruka mbi.
Benjamin Petrini, umushakashatsi muri IISS, agira ati: “Nk’uko twabibonye ahandi mu buraruko bushira uburengero bwa Afrika, mu gihe amahanga yorungika ingabo nyinshi, bishobora gutuma indyane za politike n’imigumuko vyiyongera”.
Ariko yongera ko y’uko “uruhara rwa Afrika y’Epfo [ingabo zayo zarafashije kurokora abakozi bari bazibiriwe mu gitero giheruka] nk’igihugu gifasha mu gutsimbataza amahoro mu karere rushobora kuba ngirakamaro”.
IS isanzwe ikoresha iterabwoba mu bikorwa vyayo. Mu gihe al-Qaeda yoyo, n’aho yica, akenshi igerageza kwiyegereza abanyagihugu b’ubuturere ikoreramwo, ariko aba bobo bakorera ivyaha vy’agahomerabunwa abanyagihugu baba aho ikorera, mu kwica no gukerera abasivire itavangura.
Mu gitero kimwe cakozwe uno mwaka, nta mpuhwe na nkeya bumviye umwana w’umuhungu w’imyaka 11 mu kumwicira imbere ya nyina wiwe.
Mu ntango, ibi bituma uyu murwi utinywa, ukaboneka ko udashobora gutsindwa, ariko impera n’imperuka uza kuboneka ko ataho ushobora gushika kubera abanyagihugu batawushigikiye.
Al-Qaeda muri Iraq yarakoze ikosa ryo gukorera amarorerwa abasilamu b’aba Sunni mu ntara ya Anbar mu 2007 – mu guca intoki abagabo bafashwe kw’ikosa ryonyene ryo kunywa itabi – ibi bikaba vyatumye ingabo mpuzamakungu zari zirongowe na Amerika zishobora kwumvisha abanyagihugu ko bokwiganzura al-Qaeda mw’isekeza ryiswe “ikanguka”.
Muri Mozambique hashobora kuba ikintu gisa n’ico. Inguvu za gisirikare zonyene ntizishobora kurwanya iterabwoba, ni ngombwa habe ikintu ciswe “kwigarurira imitwe n’imitima”.
Rero kugira ngo izi nyeshamba zituzwe, ni vyo ko mu ntango hazokenerwa ko ingabo za Mozambique zo nyene ubwazo zitunganya kandi zigategura neza imikenyuro nyayo, zifashwe mu mugongo n’amakungu. Ariko kugira ngo ibi bishobore gushika ku kintu, ni ngombwa ko hakorwa n’ibindi bisumba ivyo.
Ni ngombwa ko haba intwaro ibereye hanyuma abanyagihugu b’ako karere bagatunganirizwa mu bintu bitari bike: amashure, amabarabara n’akazi – ibi vyose bikaba ari nkenerwa kugira ngo bahumurize abanyagihugu babona ko bibagiwe na reta mu gihe amakompanyi mvamahanga ari uruja n’uruza mu kurondera inyungu zivuye mu butunzi kama bw’igihugu cabo.
Muri Afghanistan, ingabo z’igihugu n’iza OTAN/NATO zagiye zitsinda abarwanyi b’aba Taliban ariko mu nyuma biba impfagusa kubera intwaro mbi. Uturere twari twabohojwe mu nyuma twagiye gusubira mu minwe y’aba Taliban ingabo zimaze kugenda kubera abaporisi n’abategetsi ba reta biziziwe n’ibiturire baciye basubira mu ngeso zabo z’ibikorwa bibi bakorera abanyagihugu.
Ibi ni vyo bishobora gushika muri Mozambique mu gihe ibikorwa vya gisirikare bitoshigikirwa n’ibindi vy’iterambere ku banyagihugu.
None…?
Aba barwanyi bagendera ku vyiyumviro bikaze biyitirira Islam bo muri Mozambique basa n’abashaka kwigarurira akarere bagashinga ubutegetsi bushingiye kw’idini rya Islam mu ntara ya Cabo Delgado, nk’uko nyene IS yabikoze i Mosul muri Iraq mu 2014.
Kuba bashobora kwigarurira aka karere kose ka gaze gafise igiciro ca miriyaridi 60 z’amadorari ni ibintu bititezwe.
N’aho bitaboneka neza ingene boshobora gucunga no kudandaza iyi gaze hanze mu nzira zisanzwe, vyobaha inguvu nyinshi, bagashobora kuronka uburyo bwo gutegura ibindi bitero, mbere bakanarungika amafaranga mu bihugu IS isanzwe ifisemwo ibirindiro vyayo muri Iraq na Syria.
Vyafashe imyaka itanu, n’abantu isinzi bagandaguwe, kugira ngo ibihugu 83 bishobore gutsinda IS muri Syria. Imaze gutsindwa, amakungu yiyemeje ko IS itosubira kuronswa agahengwe ko gusubira kwiyubaka ngo yigarurire akarere.
Hagati aho, mu gihe izi nyeshamba zo muri Mozambique zitotsindwa muri ino ntambara, ivyo ibi bihugu vyiyemeje birashobora kuba umugani.
Source: BBC
