Miliyari 1935 Frw zinjizwa n’ubuhinzi, gutubura imbuto, kuhira: Ikiganiro na Minisitiri Mukeshimana. Imibare igaragaza ko abarenga 65% by’abanyarwanda batunzwe n’ubuhinzi, abagera kuri 81.3% bakaba bafite ibyo kurya bihagije, ku buryo bikubye hafi kabiri mu myaka 13 ishize kuko mu 2006 bari 48%.
Uru rwego rufitiye umumaro ukomeye ubukungu bw’igihugu. Mu 2018 umusaruro w’ubuhinzi wazamutse ku rugero rwa 6%, byose bitewe n’ingamba zinyuranye zirimo guhuza ubutaka, kwegereza abaturage ifumbire, kuhira n’ibindi.
Ubuhinzi bw’indabo n’imbuto ni bumwe mu bukomeje gushinga imizi mu Rwanda, ikoranabuhanga mu buhinzi rikomeje kwimakazwa, ubuhinzi bw’ibihingwa ngengabukungu bikomeje kwaguka ari nako uru rwego rurushaho kwinjiriza amafaranga menshi abarukora.
Mu kiganiro IGIHE yagiranye na Minisitiri w’ubuhinzi n’ubworozi Dr Gérardine Mukeshimana, yagarutse ku mpinduka z’urwego ayobora mu myaka itandatu arumazemo n’icyerekezo gishya.
IGIHE: Ukigera muri Minagri ni ibihe bibazo watangiye uhangana na byo?
Dr Mukeshimana: Ntekereza ko ubuhinzi n’ubworozi si urwego rujya rworoha aho ariho hose ku Isi, kuri njye icyo nagombaga gukora byari ukuzamura urwego rw’ibidutunga.
Kugeza ubu uru ni urwego ruzana amafaranga menshi y’amadovize kandi ibyo byose kugira ngo ubihuze bibashe kuboneka ku kigero cyiza, bisaba imbaraga n’ubushake no gukora cyane.
Nguhaye urugero twari dufite ikibazo mu bihingwa nk’ikawa, wabonaga byari bigoye kuko umusaruro wari hasi cyane. Twari dufite ikibazo cya ruswa mu bijyanye n’amafumbire n’imbuto.
Icyo gihe kandi mu bijyanye n’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga mu mwaka wa 2013-2014 ndibuka ko twinjizaga gusa miliyoni 230 z’amadorali ya Amerika, kuba mu 2018 twarageze kuri miliyoni 318 z’amadorali bitanavuye gusa ku cyayi n’ikawa abantu bari bamenyereye, ahubwo bivuye ku mboga, imbuto, ibigori, amata n’ibindi ni uko hari byinshi byakozwe.
Ikindi cyagombaga gukorwa mu bijyanye n’ubworozi, ni ibintu bijyanye n’imirire y’amatungo, yego n’ubu turacyafite icyo kibazo ariko hari icyakozwe.
Mu 2015 ibyavaga mu buhinzi bw’indabo n’imbuto byari gusa kuri miliyoni eshanu z’amadorali, umwaka ushize twari tugeze kuri miliyoni 27 z’amadorali, iki ni ikintu kitoroshye cyakozwe. Twari dufite kandi indi mishinga myinshi nka Mukamira yari idukomereye kugira ngo ikore n’ibindi.
IGIHE: Urwego rw’ubuhinzi n’ubworozi rugeze he rufasha ubukungu bw’igihugu?
Dr Mukeshimana: Turacyafite abantu benshi bitwa ko bakorera mu buhinzi ariko igishimishe ni uko bagiye bagabanuka, hari igihe twari dufite abantu bari hejuru ya 86% mu 1999, kuba ubu tugeze kuri 65% ntekereza ko ari ibintu byiza cyane.
Ikindi ni uko nk’umusaruro mbumbe uva ku buhinzi mu 1999 wari kuri miliyari 700 z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda, ubu tugeze kuri miliyari 1935 urumva ko hagiye hagira ikizamuka.
Kugeze uyu munsi ubuhinzi buracyafite icyo bufasha cyane igihugu kandi ndatekereza ko aho tugana hari igikwiye gushyirwa muri uru rwego, kugira ngo aka kazi gakeneye gutwara abo bantu 65% kaboneke.
Nk’ubu dufite ikindi kibazo gikomeye cy’imihindagurikire y’igihe, abari muri uyu mwuga mu 2050 ntekereza ko bazaba ari bake bari ku 10%, twifuza ko bazaba bafite umusaruro munini ku buryo batugaburira twese, ibi bivuze ko hagombwa kongerwa ikoranabuhanga ribafasha kongera umusaruro no kuwongerera agaciro.
IGIHE: Hagiye hubakwa “Inganda Iwacu” zitunganya umusaruro ariko zigenda zihomba, byakemutse gute?
Dr Mukeshimana: ‘Inganda Iwacu’ zari inganda nyinshi zari zaragiye zishyirwaho kugira ngo zikemure ikibazo cyo kongerera agaciro ibihingwa biba bikomoka mu gace runaka, sinari mpari ariko ntekereza ko abikorera batari bakabyinjiyemo mu buryo bushimishije, gusa ubu izi nganda zirimo kugenda ziboneka, kugeza ubu izari zarubatswe na NIRDA inyinshi zirimo kugenda zifatwa n’abikorera.
Ubu tuvugana nk’uruganda rwa Burera rutunganya amata rwamaze kubona uwikorera, urwa Nyabihu ruri ku isoko, urwa Rwamagana rutunganya urwagwa narwo ruri ku isoko, icyo leta irimo gukora ni ukugira ngo zigende zegurirwa abikorera ku giti cyabo, kuko leta ntiri mu bucuruzi bw’inganda ahubwo icyo dushinzwe ni ukubafasha.
IGIHE: Mu myaka ishize hakunze kuvugwa ikibazo cy’amapfa mu gihugu, bihagaze gute ubu?
Dr Mukeshimana: Nibyo koko mu 2016 habaye ibibazo by’amapfa adasanzwe ariko mu myaka yakurikiyeho nta kibazo cyabaye nk’uko 2016 byagenze. Uko bihagaze ni uko tunashimira abahinzi n’aborozi kuko bafite gahunda yo kwitegeranyiriza, ubu abantu basigaye bahunika, muri make ubu nta Murenge n’umwe mu gihugu turimo kugaburira, abantu duheruka guha ubufasha bw’ibiribwa ni abo muri Rweru mu karere ka Bugesera nabo kubera ko badafite aho bahinga.
Kugeza ubu dushobora kugira nk’abantu bahuye n’ikibazo cy’ibiza ariko urumva ko buba ari ubutabazi, ahubwo ibi biribwa duhunika byarafashije kuko byagiye bijyanwa mu nganda zikora ibiryo by’amatungo.
IGIHE: Guverinoma yagiye yohereza abanyeshuri kwiga ubuhinzi mu mahanga, byatanze uwuhe musaruro?
Dr Mukeshimana: Nibyo u Rwanda rwigishije abantu benshi mu mahanga ariko igishimishije abenshi muri aba barimo gutanga umusaruro mu bukungu bw’igihugu.
Kuri iyi gahunda ubu mu gihugu cya Israel dufite abanyeshuri barenga 750 bamaze kwigayo, dufite abarenga 100 muri iyi myaka itanu bize icyiciro cya Gatatu cya Kaminuza mu bihugu bitandukanye, dufite 200 turimo kwigisha muri Kaminuza ya Nebraska muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, igishimishije abo bose bafite icyo bamariye u Rwanda.
Tugarutse kuri aba bize muri Israel, mu by’ukuri ikiba gikomeye ntabwo ari ukuvuga ngo narize cyangwa nize aha ahubwo igikomeye ni ukuvuga uti mfite ubumenyi kandi bufite icyo bumariye na sosiyete ndimo, kugeza ubu rero muri aba harimo abakora muri Minagri ariko n’ahandi nko kwikorera.
Hari abashinze ibigo byikorera, nguhaye urugero hari nk’ikigo gikora mu bishanga cyahuje abarenga 160, hari abandi 86 barimo gukora mu bworozi, hari 105 barimo gukora mu butubuzi bw’imbuto n’abandi.
IGIHE: Gahunda yo kuhirira ibihingwa igeze mu gihugu?
Dr Mukeshimana: Gahunda turayikomeje kuko tugeze kuri hegitari ibihumbi 60 zuhirwa, mwanabonye ko mu nama y’abaminisitiri bavuze Ikigo cy’igihugu cyo gufata amazi, nibyo dufite amazi n’amashyamba ariko muri iyi minsi leta yafashe umwanzuro no kuri aya mazi adusenyera, hari ubwo usanga iyo ari make tugira ibibazo, yaba menshi bikaba uko, hararebwa uko yajya ahurizwa hamwe akaba yakoreshwa aho bikenewe.
IGIHE: Gutuburira imbuto mu gihugu bigeze he?
Dr Mukeshimana: Aho tugeze ni heza bitewe na gahunda twari twarihaye, dufashe urugero ku mbuto z’ibigori tugeze hafi kuri 76% z’imbuto zakoreshejwe muri iki gihembwe cy’ihinga aho zari izacu, hari abantu babigiyemo ubu icyo turimo gukora ni uko izo mbuto ziza zifite ubuziranenge.
Twagiye tubona ibibazo byagiye bibamo, aho wasangaga abantu bamwe batari inyangamugayo, ugasanga imbuto ziratanzwe ariko ntizimere neza, wakurikirana ugasanga umuntu wazibagurishije yavanzemo n’izindi zitari zo, icyo dusabwa ni ukwiga ubunyangamugayo ariko nka leta turimo gukora ubugenzuzi no kwambura abo bantu ayo mahirwe yo kuba abatubuzi.
Mu ngengo y’imari ya 2019/2020, igaragaza ko urwego rw’ubuhinzi rwahawe amafaranga 92, 823,744,759 Frw.
Dr Mukeshimana abajijwe niba abona ingengo y’imari ishyirwa mu buhinzi ihagije, yagize ati “Ntabwo ntekereza ko hari umuntu wavuga ngo ingengo y’imari mfite irahagije, ubundi gukora akazi bisaba ubushobozi bw’abantu kimwe n’amafaranga. Natwe tuba dufite icyifuzo cy’amafaranga ariko icyo nkunda kubwira abantu dukorana ni uko n’ayo tubona yose uko yaba angana, tugomba kuyakoresha neza kugira ngo atange umusaruro mwiza.”
Source: Igihe.com