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Kayibanda Grégoire Yari muntu ki?

Kayibanda Grégoire Yari muntu ki?

Grégoire Kayibanda ni mwene Léonidas Rwamanywa na Caroline Nyirambeba. Akaba yavukiye i Tare, ahahoze ari muri komine Musambira mri Perefegitura ya Gitarama, ubu akaba ari mu karere ka Kamonyi mu ntara y’amajyepfo y’u Rwanda. Kayibanda yavutse tariki 01 Gicurasi 1924, Yiga amashuri abanza i Tare guhera mu mwaka w’1932 kugera mu mwaka w’1934. Yaje kuyakomereza i Kabgayi guhera mu mwaka w’1934 kugera mu mwaka w’1937. Amashuri yisumbuye yayize mw’iseminari nto ya Saint Léon i Kabgayi kuva mu mwaka w’1934 kugera mu mwaka w’1943. Ku taliki ya 28 Ukuboza 1944, Kayibanda yinjiye mw’Iseminari nkuru ya Nyakibanda atangira kwigira kuba padiri, kugeza yiyemeje kuyivamo ku taliki ya 15 Ugushyingo 1948, ahuta anagahagarika n’ibyigipadiri ahubwo yerekeza mu by’ubwarimu.

Yashakanye na Kayibanda Verdianne. Ku taliki ya 20 Mutarama 1949 yatangiye umwuga w’ubwarimu muri « Institut Léon Classe » kugeza mu mwaka w’1952. Ibyo yabifatanyije n’ubuzima busanzwe bwa buri munsi mu gukemura ibibazo binyuranye byari byugarije rubanda rugufi aho yari atuye.

Mu mwaka w’1953 Kayibanda yoherejwe gukora i Kabgayi mu biro by’ubugenzuzi bw’amashuri, muri serivisi yo gutegura no kunononsora imfashanyigisho zijyanye n’igihe. Guhera muri Kamena muri uwo mwaka kugeza mu Ukuboza mu mwaka w’1954, Kayibanda yabaye umwanditsi w’ikinyamakuru « L’AMI». Kayibanda yifashishije itangazamakuru akomeza guhindura imitekerereze ya rubanda kandi ahindura n’imwe mu mikorere y’ubutegetsi bwariho muri icyo gihe.

Urugero ni nk’ibyo yanditse kw’itegeko ryabuzaga kwishyira hamwe cyane cyane mu bikorwa bya politiki. Kayibanda we mu nyandiko ze akaba yarasabaga ko uburenganzira bwo kwishyira hamwe mu mashyirahamwe na Koperative bwahabwa rubanda kandi mu buryo butagabanuweho na gato.

Ibyo byagize ingaruka mu mitekerereze n’imikorere ya politiki. Amashyirahamwe menshi yaravutse kugera ku rwego rwo kuba amashyaka ya Polilitiki. Hagati aho guhera mu mwaka w’1955 nibwo Kayibanda yavuye mu bugenzuzi bw’amashuri maze aba Perezida wa komite ncungamikorere ya TRAFIPRO (Travail, Fidélité, Progrès), anaba umwanditsi mukuru wa Kinyamateka. Yabaye kandi umunyamabanga wihariye wa Musenyeri Perraudin, umusuwisi wayoboraga diyosezi ya Kabgayi, ndetse aba n’umwe mu bagize inama ngishwanama ya Chefferie ya Marangara. Iyo myanya niyo yafashije cyane Grégoire Kayibanda kumenyekanisha ibitekerezo bye. Kayibanda aha yari amaze kwiyumvamo ubushobozi bwo kuba umucunguzi wa rubanda rugufi nk’uko intego ye yabivugaga mu rurimi rw’ikilatini : “Libertatem filiorum Dei” bivuga mu kinyarwanda “Tubohore abana b’Imana”.

Ibyari bimurimo bigaragazwa n’amagambo basanze mu ikaye ye ariyo bita mu rurimi rw’igifaransa carnet de notes, agira ati : “Mu gihugu aho rubanda bakorerwa ivangura rigaragara kandi ryizweho neza, nsanga kwibanda ku kintu kimwe gusa ntacyo byaba bimaze, ahubwo bidatinze nazasanga nanjye ntacyo ndicyo. Mpisemo rero gukangura igihugu cyanjye kikabasha kumenya ubushobozi kifitemo, maze nkabafasha kuvumbura ibyo ababakikije bakeneye, nkabasunikira kandi nkabingingira gutanga umusanzu wabo. Ntekereza ko ariwo muhamagaro wanjye mu gihugu kikishakisha, kandi kikireba aho gikwiye guhagurukira hakwiye kandi vuba”.

Kayibanda arongera ati: “Chefu (président du Conseil de chefferie) amfata nk’umuntu warwanya ubutegetsi kandi bigaragara ko hari ukuntu antinya. Yamenyereye kwigirizaho nkana aba sushefu (sous chefs) be, ariko njye sinemera amahame ye yose! Intekerezo zanjye zuzuyemo akarengane abantu banjye bagirirwa, kandi sinakwihanganira na gato ubutegetsi butakijyanye n’igihe kandi budashoboye.”

Nk’uko bigaragara, Kayibanda yari umugabo utarebera akarengane ngo yituramire, cyangwa ngo yihutire gukemura ibibazo yifashishije inzira ihutaza, cyangwa se, isesa amaraso. Kayibanda yahangayikishijwe cyane n’ikibazo cya rubanda rugufi rwari rwiganjemo abo mu bwoko bw’Abahutu. Abo bari barambuwe uburenganzira bwose bw’ikiremwamuntu, ahubwo bagafatwa nk’ibikoresho. Umuhutu, ntaburenganzira ku mutungo, ku mutekano no kwishyira ukizana yagiraga, byongeye no kubaho kwe byabaga ari impuhwe yagiriwe. Kwaka rero no guharanira uburenganzira mbonezamubano n’ubwa politiki n’ubundi bushamikiyeho, murunva ko byo byari inzozi.

Nyamara intwari Kayibanda yakomeje kwitegereza ako karengane kakorerwaga Abahutu kuva aho ubutegetsi bwabo bw’Abahinza butsindiwe n’ingoma nyiginya z’Abatutsi mu gisekuruza cya 15, asanga ataceceka. Nibwo kuwa 24 Werurwe 1957 Kayibanda yegereye bagenzi be aribo: Maximilien Niyonzima, Claver Ndahayo, Isidore Nzeyimana, Calliope Mulindahabi, Godefroid Sentama, Sylvestre Munyambonera, Joseph Sibomana na Joseph Habyarimana ariwe Gitera, maze basinya kandi batangaza kumugaragaro inyandiko bise « Note sur l’aspect social du problème racial indigène au Rwanda ». Iyo nyandiko yari igenewe Umwami Mutara III Rudahigwa hamwe n’abategetsi b’Ababirigi bakolonizaga u Rwanda. Iyo nyandiko yasobanuraga akarengane gakorerwaga rubanda rugufi ndetse n’inzira ako karengane kakemurwamo. Yasabaga by’umwihariko ko ibyiza by’igihugu bikwiye gusaranganywa ntavangura iryo ariryo ryose rishingiweho mu bana b’ u Rwanda. Iyi nyandiko rero yamenyekanye mu itangazamakuru nka Manifesite y’Abahutu, niyo yabaye intangiriro y’urugamba rw’Umuhutu mukwibohora ingoma ya cyami.

Kayibanda hagati aho, abifashijwemo na Musenyeri Perraudin, ku taliki ya 09 Nzeri mu mwaka w’1957 yoherejwe mu mahugurwa ajyanye n’iby’itangazamakuru mu bwanditsi bw’ ikinyamakuru « Journal Vers l’avenir » cyandikirwaga mu Bubiligi. Kayibanda yagarutse ku taliki ya 08 Ugushyingo mu mwaka w’1958, maze ahita akomereza imirimo ye muri Kinyamateka guhera tariki ya 25 Ugushyingo mu mwaka w’1958.

Kayibanda wari ukubutse i Burayi, yagarutse ashaka bwangu impinduka mu Rwanda, maze ku taliki ya 19 Ukwakira mu mwaka w’1959 ashinga Ishyaka PARMEHUTU (Le Parti du Mouvement de l’Emancipation Hutu). PARMEHUTU yaje guhindura izina, yitwa MDR (Mouvement Démocratique Républicain) kandi yiyemeza kwigobotora ingoma ya cyami n’iya gikoroni maze hakajyaho ubuyobozi bushingiye kuri Demokarasi na Repubulika. Icyo gihe, bamwe mu batutsi baratotejwe barameneshwa, bahungira mu bihugu by’abaturanyi. Iri shyaka rya Kayibanda ryavugaga ko abo mu bwoko bw’abahutu batsikamiwe, maze ritangira kwibasira abo mu bwoko bw’abatutsi.

Nyuma yaho gato, Kayibanda yatangije impinduramatwara yari igamije gukuraho bidasubirwaho ingoma ya cyami. Ku taliki ya 26 ukwakira mu mwaka w’1960 habayeho amatora yarangiye hashyizweho inteko na Leta by’agateganyo. Gregoire Kayibanda yabaye Minisitiri w’intebe naho Habyarimana Joseph Gitera bamuha kuyobora Inteko.

Kayibanda Grégoire, niwe wabimburiye abandi kwicara mu mwanya wa Minisitiri w’Intebe w’u Rwanda. Uyu ninawe Minisitiri w’Intebe wa mbere u Rwanda rwagize, wabayeho hakiriho ingoma ya Cyami n’ubwo yari iri mu marembera.

Ku taliki ya 28 Mutarama mu mwaka w’1961 i Gitarama habaye inama (Congres) idasanzwe, ikuraho ingoma ya cyami, itangiza ubutegetsi bushingiye kuri Repubulika. Uwo munsi Dominiko Mbonyumutwa yatorewe kuba Perezida wa mbere.

Ku taliki ya 25 Nzeri muri uwo mwaka habayeho amatora rusange yiswe “Kamarampaka”, rubanda bahamya bidasubirwaho ko banze ubutegetsi bwa cyami. Nyuma yo kwegura kwa Mbonyumutwa, Kayibanda yatorewe kuba Perezida wa Repubulika, ashyiraho Leta yagejeje u Rwanda ku bwigenge tariki ya 1 Nyakanga mu mwaka w’1962.

Hari taliki ya 19 Nzeri muri uwo mwaka, Perezida J kennedy wa Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika yakiriye Perezida Grégoire Kayibanda nyuma y’ubwigenge bw’u Rwanda.

Kayibanda Grégoire, niwe wabaye Perezida wa kabiri w’u Rwanda, akaba ari nawe wa mbere waruyoboye kuva rwabona ubwigenge ndetse ninawe wa mbere wabaye Perezida habayeho amatora n’ubwo yiyamazaga ari wenyine. Kayibanda yagiye ku butegetsi tariki ya 26 Ukwakira mu mwaka w’1961, ayobora manda ye ya mbere kugeza mu mwaka w’1965 ubwo yongeraga kwiyamamaza ari we mukandida rukumbi ndetse anongera kwiyamamaza ari wenyine mu mwaka w’1969.

Kayibanda yayoboye u Rwanda mu gihe cy’imyaka 12 kugeza tariki 4 Nyakanga mu mwka w’1973 ubwo yahirikwaga ku butegetsi na Juvénal Habyarimana wari inshuti ye magara akaba yari na Minisitiri w’ingabo icyo gihe. Habyarimana yamuhiritse nawe amushinja gutonesha abo mu gace k’amajyepfo y’u Rwanda, n’ibindi bikorwa by’ivangura rishingiye ku moko n’akarere.

Yahise afungwa hamwe n’umugore we, babagenera igihano cy’urupfu ku taliki ya 26 Kamena mu mwaka w 1974. Icyo gihano cyaje guhindurwamo gufungwa burundu maze bavanwa muri Rwerere aho bari bafungiwe, bafungirwa kwa Kayibanda mu rugo i Kavumu ho muri Gitarama hafi y’i Kabgayi, hari ku taliki ya 11 Nzeri mu mwaka w’1974, aha bakaba ari naho baje gupfira. Bivugwa ko Habyarimana yabicishije inzara kugeza bashizemo umwuka. Kayibanda Grégoire yapfuye afite imyaka 52 kuko yari yaravutse tariki 01 Gicurasi mu mwaka w’1924.

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