“Balkanisation” ya DR Congo, cyangwa gucamo iki gihugu indi leta yigenga mu burasirazuba, ni ingingo iri kuvugwa cyane nanone muri iyi minsi. Martin Fayulu, umunyapoliti watsinzwe amatora ya 2018 ejo kuwa mbere yabwiye abanyamakuru i Kinshasa ko uyu mushinga ugeze kuri 70% utegurwa ngo ujye mu bikorwa.
Bamwe mu banyapolitiki bo muri DR Congo, Rwanda na Uganda batungwa urutoki na Martin Fayulu na Kardinali Fridolin Ambongo wa Kinshasa ko bari inyuma y’uyu mushinga.
Umunyamategeko akaba n’umusesenguzi wa politiki Nixon Kambale yabwiye BBC Gahuzamiryango ko ‘Balkanisation’ ya DR Congo “ishoboka, kandi idashoboka”.
Balkanisation iva he?
Iri jambo rikoreshwa kuva mu myaka ya 1830 ubwo ikitwaga ’empire Ottoman’ cyari giherereye k’umwigimbakirwa (peninsula) wa Balkan cyagiye gicikamo ibihugu birimo Ubugereki, Serbia, Bulgaria, Albania, Croatia, Macedonia…kugeza mu 2008.
Nixon Kambale avuga ko ‘balkanisation’ yavuzwe bwa mbere muri Congo mu 1960 na guverinoma ya mbere yari iyobowe na Patrice Lumumba ubwo habaga ibikorwa byo gushaka kwigenga kwa Kasai na Katanga.
Ati: “No ku butegetsi bwa Mobutu habaye kugerageza kwigenga kwa Kasai, intambara ya Shaba, intambara eshatu za Moba, intambara y’i Bukavu, intambara ya ba Mulele…
“Ibyo byose byatumaga abategetsi ba Congo icyo gihe kimwe n’ab’ubu bakomeza kuvuga ‘balkanisation'”.
Mu 1996 ubwo umutwe wa AFDL wa Laurent-Désiré Kabila watangiraga kurwanya Perezida Mobutu, uyu nawe yavuze ko Kabila ashaka ‘balkanisation’ y’uburasirazuba bwa Zaire abifashijwemo n’u Burundi, u Rwanda na Uganda.
Mu 1998 Laurent-Désiré Kabila amaze gushwana n’abamufashije kugera ku butegetsi nawe yabashinje kwifashisha imitwe y’inyeshyamba mu gushaka gukora ‘balkanisation’ mu burasirazuba.
Bwana Kambale avuga ko icyo gihe hari imitwe myinshi yitwaje intwaro mu burasirazuba ku buryo amabwiriza n’amategeko ya leta ya Kinshasa hari aho atakoraga.
Ati: “Abanyecongo ndetse na kiliziya gatolika barahagurutse, habaho ibiganiro by’amahoro no gusaba amahanga ko icyo kintu kitabaho igihugu kigakomeza kuba kimwe”.
‘Balkanisation’ iragarutse uyu munsi
Bwana Kambale avuga ko iyo urebye kuva mu 2003 kugeza ubu hari ibice by’uburasirazuba bwa Congo bisa n’ibitagengwa n’amategeko ya leta ya Kinshasa.
Ati: “Havugwa ko igice kiruta 40% cy’uburasirazuba bwa Congo kigenzurwa n’imitwe yitwaje intwaro aho leta idashobora gukandagira.
“Aho rero abantu ntibashaka kuvuga ‘balkanisation’, ariko ntibashaka no kwemera ko hari uduce tunini tutagenzurwa na leta. Uko ni ukuri abantu bamwe badashaka kuvuga beruye.
“Ubu hashize imyaka ine cyangwa itanu, biboneka ko leta itagenzura agace kose ka Beni, agace ka Masisi, agace ka Rutchuru, agace ka Walikale, agace ka Kalehe muri Kivu y’Epfo n’ahandi nka Minembwe”.
Utu duce tugenzurwa n’imitwe y’inyeshyamba z’abanyecongo ndetse n’iy’abavuye mu bihugu bituranyi.
Bwana Kambale avuga ko muri iyo mitwe harimo ikoreshwa n’abategetsi bo mu bihugu bituranyi ndetse n’abategetsi bo muri DR Congo.
‘Balkanisation’ kuri 70% itegurwa?
Mu kiganiro n’abanyamakuru ejo kuwa mbere i Kinshasa, Martin Fayulu yatangaje ko uwo mushinga wa ‘balkanisation’ ugeze kuri 70% utegurwa.
Yavuze ko abategetsi b’ibihugu bituranyi na bamwe mu bategetsi ba DR Congo bari gufatanya muri uwo mushinga, ntiyavuze amazina yabo yeruye.
Mu cyumweru gishize, Kardinali Fridolin Ambongo wa Kinshasa yavuze ko mu ruzinduko yakoreye mu burasirazuba yabonye ko hari umugambi wa ‘balkanisation’.
Bwana Fayulu mu kiganiro n’abanyamakuru ejo kuwa mbere
Na we yemeza ko hari ibihugu n’abanyapolitike ba DR Congo bafite uruhare muri uwo mugambi.
Ambasaderi Olivier Nduhungirehe umunyamabanga wa leta y’u Rwanda mu bubanyi n’amahanga yabwiye BBC Gahuzamiryango ko iby’uwo mugambi no kubishyiramo u Rwanda ari ibintu bivugwa gusa bidafite ishingiro.
Ku mbuga nkoranyambaga hari ibitekerezo biciye ukubiri kuri uwo mugambi, bamwe bemeza ko uhari koko, abandi bavuga ko ari ikintu cya baringa kivugwa kikanakoreshwa mu nyungu za politiki kuva cyera.
Ingabo za FARDC zateje urujijo
Bwana Kambale avuga ko nyuma y’ibyatangajwe na Kardinali Fridolin Ambongo, igisirikare cya DR Congo nacyo cyatangaje ko hari ibigaragaza ko umugambi wa ‘balkanisation’ uriho.
Ati: “Nyamara izo ngabo nizo ziri no mu bikorwa byo kurwanya imitwe yitwaje intwaro, ndetse zari zatangaje ko zigiye gufatanya n’ibihugu bituranyi.
“Birashimishije ko ingabo ziri gufata ibice byari iby’inyeshyamba, ariko ku rundi ruhande zikavuga ko hari impungenge za ‘balkanisation’, ni ingingo ebyiri zibusanye. Ingabo zikwiye guhindura uko zitangaza amakuru”.
Balkanisation irashoboka kandi ntishoboka
Bwana Kambale avuga ko ‘balkanisation’ ya Congo ishoboka kuko hari amoko y’abanyecongo agenda yimuka afite intwaro ajya ahantu hamwe cyangwa ahandi mu burasirazuba, agaragaza gushaka kwigenga. Avuga ko ibi byabaye muri Beni na Boga.
Ati: “Ibi kandi byabaye muri teritwari ya Djugu muri Ituli aho abantu b’aborozi mu bwoko bwa Mbololo bimukanye amatungo yabo kandi banafite intwaro.
“Wakwibaza ngo ni gute aborozi bimuka bakava aha bakajya hariya bafite intwaro leta ntigire icyo ikora?
“Ibyo byose n’ibindi bishyirwa hamwe bigatuma bamwe bemeza ko hari igice cya Congo gishobora kuyivaho, aho rero nibwo habaho ‘balkanisation'”.
Bwana Kambale ariko avuga ko nanone idashoboka kubera umuhate w’abanyecongo, abanyamadini, sosiyete sivile n’abanyapolitiki bamwe.
Ati: “Na Perezida wa Repubulika yigeze kuvuga ko igihe cyose azaba ari ku butegetsi ‘balkanisation’ itazashoboka.
“Ibyo byose nabyo iyo ubishyize hamwe ubona ko hari ubushake rusange mu gihugu cyose burwanya ikintu cyose cyaganisha kuri ‘balkanisation’ ya Congo.
“Izo ngingo zombi rero izarusha indi ingufu niyo izabaho.”
Source: BBC Gahuza
