Abahanga muri siyansi baracukumbuye bagera ku ntimatima z’uturemangingo tw’amoko atandatu y’uducurama two ku isi. Mu bitugize harimo uturemangingo “dutanga ubwirinzi budasanzwe”, burinda izi nyamaswa kwibasirwa na za virusi zica.
Abashakashatsi bagamije kubyaza umusaruro amakuru y’ibanga y’uburyo uducurama tugendana virusi zo mu bwoko bwa corona ariko ntiturware. Bavuga ko ibi bishobora gutanga ibisubizo mu gufasha ubuzima bw’abantu muri iki gihe cy’icyorezo n’ibindi bishobora kuzaza.
Prof Emma Teeling wo muri University College Dublin avuga ko uduce “dutangaje” tw’uturemangingo babonye tubereka ko uducurama dufite “ubwirinzi bw’umubiri bwihariye”.
Yongeraho ko kumenya uko uducurama tubana na za virusi ntiturware bishobora gufasha no mu bikorwa biri kubaho byo gushakisha imiti ya za virusi nka Covid-19. Yabwiye BBC News ati: “Tubashije kwigana ubwirinzi bw’uducurama kuri za virusi, ubwo twakwiringira ibidukikije mu kubona umuti”.
“Ni ibintu bifite aho bigeze. Ubu dufite ibidufasha kumenya intambwe tugomba gutera; dukeneye gukora imiti yo kubigeraho”. Prof Teeling yatangije umushinga wa ‘Bat1K project‘, ugamije kubona amakuru yose ku duce duto tw’uturemangingo ku moko 1,421 y’uducurama turi ku isi.
Agira ati: “Utwo duce ni two dukeneye ngo tumenye ibisubizo biri mu ducurama, dushobora guhuzwa mu gushaka ibisubizo no ku bantu n’indwara”.
Covid-19 bikekwa ko yaba yaravuye mu ducurama, ikagera ku bantu bahuye natwo nabo bakayanduza abandi. Izindi virusi nka Sars, Mers na Ebola, nazo bikekwa ko ari uko zageze mu bantu.
Abahanga mu kurengera ibidukikije baburiye ko abantu bakwiye kwirinda gusagarira uducurama, ko iyo nta wutwakuye aho twibera, tuba duteje ibyago bicye cyane ku buzima bwa muntu.
Bavuga kandi ko dufite uruhare mu kuringaniza urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima. Twinshi tugira uruhare mu gukwirakwiza umwayi (cyangwa imbuto) w’imbuto n’indabo, utundi turya miliyoni z’udusimba duto tuguruka nijoro.
Bageze kuki?
Itsinda mpuzamahanga ry’abashakashatsi ryavanye amakuru rikeneye ku moko atandatu y’uducurama aboneka mu bice bitandukanye by’isi.
Ryakoreshe ikoranabuhanga rigezweho mu gusuzuma uduce duto cyane tugize uturemangingo tw’utwo ducurama.
Bagereranyije ubwoko bwa buri gacurama n’izindi nyamaswa z’inyamabere 42 babasha kubona aho uducurama duherereye mu moko y’ibinyabuzima.
,“Greater horseshoe”, ubwoko bw’uducurama tuba i Burayi
Basanze turi hafi cyane y’amoko y’inyamaswa zirimo; indyanyama (imbwa, injangwe, n’ayandi moko), amoko y’inyamaswa zitwa pangolins, amafi manini azwi nka whales/ baleines n’ayandi.
Gusa itandukaniro ryabonetse mu bushobozi bw’ubwirinzi buri mu duce twinshi tw’uturemangingo mu ducurama dutandukanye.
Harimo n’uduha izi nyamaswa ubushobozi bwo kuguruka neza mu mwijima.
Ayo makuru yafasha iki kurwanya iki cyorezo n’ibindi bizaza?
Ibyo aba bashakashatsi bagezeho bifite icyo bivuze ku buzima bw’abantu n’indwara kuko byerekana uburyo uturemangingo tw’uducurama tubasha kurinda za virusi.
Aba bashakashatsi batekereza ko ibi bizafasha kumenya neza uko uducurama tubasha kubana na za virusi, bikaba byazafasha mu kurwanya ibyorezo.
Dr Michael Hiller wo mu kigo gikora ubushakashatsi ku turemangingo cy’i Dresden mu Budage, avuga ko “kumenya uko uducurama tubana na virusi zo mu bwoko bwa corona byafasha cyane”.
Kenshi uburwayi buterwa na virusi burica, virusi ubwayo si yo yica ahubwo hica indwara itera umubiri wananiwe kuyirwanya no kuyisohora.
Umubiri w’uducurama wo ubasha gukomeza za virusi. Nubwo bwose waba wagezwemo na virusi ntushobora kugaragaza ibimenyetso by’indwara.
Ubushakashatsi bw’aba bahanga bwatangajwe mu kinyamakuru Nature.
BBC