Dieudonne Ngoga
Barafinda yabarushije ubwenge. Biriya RIB ikora ngo iratumiza abantu n’ikikorwa kibuzwa na Constitution ya 2003. Kandi iyo Constitution iravugango igikorwa cyose cyangwa itegeko ryose bitubahiriza itegeko nshinga rya 2003 ni null and void.
Nshyize hano comment nashize kuri post ya Mugabe Bob on this issue:
…….
Thanks Mugabe Bob.
1. Ibintu binshi muri criminal procedure yurwanda biri unconstitutional under the 2003 constitution. Umuntu uzi Constitutional Law, iyo arebye ibintu mukora, cyane cyane, muri Criminal procedure yanyu, abona Kankwanzi na Bushombe gusa!!!
- Ikibazo gikomeye cyane nukwo Constitution y’Urwanda ya 2003 yakoze “U-turn” (legal revolution), amategoko yanyu menshi yambere ya 2003 yarakomeje kandi amenshi ari incompatible na Constitution ya 2003.
-
Mbere ya 2003, urwanda rwari rufite Constitution ya Parliament Supremacy Jurisdiction hybrid. Constitution ya 2003 ni Constitutional Supremacy Constitution. Ikibabaje nukwo nubwo habayeho legal revolution, urwanda rugahinduka a Constitutional Supremacy country, Constitutional law ntabwo yigiswa murwanda!
Uzi kugira Constitutional Supremacy Constitution ariko abanyamategeko batiga Constitutional Law? -
Ingero ninyinshi:
A. Ukuntu Leta ikora iperereza, igahamagaza ukekwaho icyaha kumuhata ibibazo cyangwa kumubaza ibibazo. Ibyo nikirazira muri Constitutional Supremacy Jurisdiction like Rwanda. Constitution ya 2003 irabibuza! Gute
(i) Constituion ya 2003 ivugako umuntu wese numwere kugeza icyaha kimuhamye murukiko “presumption of innocence”! Iyo Leta itumije umuntu kumuhata ibibazo iba imuvanyeho iriya presumption kandi igihe umuntu amara kiri RIB technically aba under custody; aba afunzwe muri sense ya custody.
(ii) Due process rights bikubiye muri 2003 Constitution, cyane cyane ko ntamuntu ushobora kwamburwa uburenganzira bwe bwa liberty arbitrary; iyo RIB ihamagaje
(iii) uregwa icyaha afite uburenganzira BW’ukwiregura murukiko (hapana kwisobanura cyangwa kwiregura imbere y’umugenza cyaha). Hano hakubiyemo uburenganzira 2 bukomeye
– ntamuntu Leta ishobora gusaba kwishinja (self incrimination) kandi,
– Igihe cyose Leta ifashe umuntu (biriya RIB “ituma” kubantu bitwa gufata , technically) umuntu aba afite uburenganzira bwukugira umunganizi mumategeko. Kandi ibi Leta itemewe kubikora kumuntu uregwa icyaha. Uregwa icyaha yiregirira cyangwa yisobanura murikiko GUSA
Constituion ya 2003 ivugako itegeko ryariryo ryose cyangwa icyemezo Cy’umuyobozi wariwe wose kivuguruza Constitution ya 2003 n’ipfabusa (null and void).
Iyo RIB itumije umuntu kumuhata ibibazo, RIB iba ishize presumed innocence yumuntu into question, kandi kirazira.
Igihe cyose umuntu amara muri RIB, aba ari muri custody kandi RIB ntabwo iba ifite arrest warrants!
Yewe, umuntu bahata ibibazo baba bamusaba kwishinja cyangwa se bamutegetse gukorana nubugenzacyaha kandi, nta obligation mumategeko, umuturage afite yukukorana nubugenzacyaha.
Ubugenzacyaha n’inshingano za Executive , umuntu utari umukozi wa Leta ubishinzwe ntabwo ategekwa gufasha Leta gushaka ibimenyetso.
Kandi aya amahano yose RIB iyakorera umuturage atanafite umunganizi mumategeko.
Nukwo Urwanda tudafite inkiko zikurikiza Constitution ya 2003! Ibyo byose RIB ibaza umuturage ntabwo biba byemewe murukiko.
B. Ibyo wavuze byugufunga umuntu amezi ageze kuri 6 mugihe Leta ikora iperereza, nabyo biri unconstitutional. Ziriya due process rights zikubiye muri Constitution zitekeka Leta kudafata umuturage mugihe badafite ibimenyetso bihagije ngo bamugeze imbere yubutabera kuberako Liberty of the person ni central issue muri Constitutional Supremacy Constitution.
Ikindi, muri professional code yabashinjacyaha, kirazira gusaba arrest warrant yumuntu mugihe udafite ibimenyetso bihagije kugirango agezwe imbere yubutabera. Kandi, na Magistrates batanga arrest warrant, kirazira gusinya arrest warrant yumuntu mugihe ubushinjacyaha butagaragajeko burangije iperereza, kubera ziriya principle zikubiye muri Constitutional Supremacy Constitution.
BARAFINDA AZI CONSTITUTION Y’URWANDA ya 2003 kurusha ubugenza cyaha!
Iyo Leta itegetse umuturage gukora ibihamnaye na Constitution, kuburyo bwose Constitution ya 2003 ishiraho Droit yukurinda constituion kuburimunyarwa, Constitution ya 2003 yemerera umunyarwanda kwanga ibyo aba yategetswe na Leta bihambaye na Constitution.
Kirazira ko Leta ijyana umuturage gupimwa ko ari muzima kireka mugihe umuturage aburanye avugako ibyo Leta imurega yabikoze bitewe nuburwayi bwo m’umutwe kandi Leta yo ivugako yabikoze ari muzima. Icyo gihe, urukiko rwemerewe gutanga Order ko uregwa bamutwara kwa muganga ngo asuzumwe . Ariko nanone, iyo uregwa avuzeko atagikoresheje defense ya insanity – kuvugako ibyo yakoze yabitewe nindwara yumumutwe, Urukiko ruhita ruvanaho iriya Order.
Ubugezacyaha nta ngufu bufite muri Constitutional Supremacy Jurisdiction, bwugupima umuntu ngo barebe niba nimuzima mumutwe; icyo gihe Leta iba ikoze criminal assault kumuntu