Umunazi ni muntu ki? Umunazi ni umuntu wese wari mw’ishyaka ry’abasosiyari ryashinzwe na Hitler
Twese tuzi amateka ya Hitrireri uburyo yicishije abayahudi
Nyuma y’uko Abadage batsindwa intambara ya 2 y’isi yose, abantu bose bari inyuma ya Hitreri ntibyari biboroheye kuba ku mugabane w’i Burayi niyo mpamvu bamwe bafashe inzira bahungira ku mugabane w’Amerika y’epfo muri Argentine, Chili na Brazil.
Argentina, yo yabaye indiri yakiriye impunzi nyinshi z’Abadage zahungaga intambara. Uko Abanazi n’abari babashyigikiye bisutse kuri uwo mugabane bakoze umuyoboro abandi bose bakoresheje ngo bahungire kuri uwo mugabane. N’ubwo ntabimenyetso bihamye byagaragaye, Bavuga ko Hitreri nawe yaba yarahungiye kuri uwo mugabane abifashijwemo n’uwo muyoboro.
Bakunzi ba Bamenya tugiye kubagezaho urutonde rw’abo Banazi 7 ruharwa bakoze Jenoside y’Abayahudi bakaba barahungiye muri Amerika y’epfo.
1. Adolph Eichmann
N’ibihe bikorwa bibi azwiho: Niwe mu Nazi wa mbere ushakishwa akaba ashinjwa gushyira mu bikorwa umugambi wa Hitreri wo gutsemba Abayahudi umukono wanyuma. Yashinze inkambi zakusanyirizwagamo Abayahudi ziciwemo Abayahudi bagera kuri miliyoni 6. Eichmann yayoboye igikorwa cyo gushaka no gukusanya Abayahudi bakabageza mu nkambi za Auschwitz, Triblinka nizindi nkambi zari aho mu Budage.
UKO YAGEZE KU MUGABANE W’AMERIKA Y’AMAJYEPFO: Nyuma y’intambara ya 2 y’isi yose, Eichmann yagiye kwihisha mu gihugu cya Austria. Afashijwe n’abihaye Imana b’i Genoa mu Butariyani yabonye visa y’igihugu cya Argentina akoresheje urupauro rw’impimbano y’umuryango utabara imbabare. Mu mwaka w’1950 nibwo yafashe indege yamugejeje i Buenos Aires kw’izina rya Ricardo Klement. Eichmann yabaye muri uwo mujyi wa Buenos Aires hamwe n’umugore we n’abana be 4. Wari umuryango uciriritse akaba Eichmann yarakoreraga uruganda rukora imodoka za Mercedens Benz.
UBURYO YAFASHWE AGASHYIKIRIZWA UBUTABERA: Yafatiwe mu gikorwa gikomeye cyateguwe n’iperereza rya Israel ku taliki ya 11 Gicurasi umwaka w’1960. Bamusohoye mu gihugu bamusinzirije bamuhinduye nk’umukozi w’indege bamujyana muri Israel akaba ariho bamujyanye imbere y’amategeko, ibyaha by’itsembatsemba ry’Abayahudi biramuhama bamucira urubanza rwo gupfa. Bamumanitse ku taliki ya 31 Gicurasi umwaka w’1962.
2. Josef Mengele
IBYAMURANZE: Yari umuganga akaba uwa kabiri wari ukurikiranwe mu ba nazi bahigawa. Bari baramuhimbye “umumalayika w’urupfu”. Yakoreye ubushakashatsi ku nfungwa z’Abayahudi zari mu nkambi ya Auschwitz. Nyuma yo kumugazwa n’ibikomere by’intambara yahawe kuyobora iyo nkambi ya Auschwitz. Yakoreye ubushakashatsi ku bagore batwite, impanga n’ibimuga nka kobaye. Mengele yakoreye iyica rubozo abana bajwe kwicwa n’iryo gerageza yabakoreragaho.
UKO YAGEZE KU MUGABANE W’AMERIKA Y’EPFO: Muganga Mengele yihishe imyaka irenga 3 mu budage nyuma aza gufashwa na bamwe mu bakozi ba Kiliziya Gatolika ahungira mu gihugu cy’u Butaliyani aho yaje kujya muri Argentina avuye aho ahafungura iduka ry’ibikoresho byo mu nzu. Yaje kujya muri Uruguay mu mwaka w’1958 akaba ariho yashakiye undi mugore. Muganga Mengele yabaye mu duce dutandukanye two mu mujyi wa Buenos Aires ariko amaze kumva ifatwa rya Eichmann yatangiye kwihisha muri Paraguay nyuma aza kujya muri Brazil.
UKO YATOROTSE UBUTABERA: Ubudage bwasabye Argentina gutanga Josef Mengel. Icyo gihugu cyashese ibirenge mu kumutanga ivuga ko aregwa ibyaha bya politiki. Abakurikiranaga abanazi ntibacitse intege bakomeje kubakurikirana ariko Josef Mengele yaje kurohama ku nkengero z’inyanja mu mwaka w’1979 umutima urahagarara. Kubera ko yakoreshaga amazina atri aye urupfu rwe rwemejwe bamaze gupima umubiri we mu mwaka w’1985.
3. Walter Rauff
IBIKORWA BIBI BYAMURANZE: Niwe wakoze imyuka yakoreshejwe mu kwica Abayahudi bagera ku bihumbi 100. Rauff yayoboye igikorwa cyo gufata ibyuka imodoka isohora bakabiyobora mu makamyo yabaga yuzuyemo abantu 60 bagapfa bishwe no kubura umwuka kuko bahumekaga ibyuka bya carbon monoxide. Rauff yicishije Abayahudi bari mu gace k’igihugu cya Tuniziya kayoborwaga n’abafaransa mu mwaka w’1942 n’1943. Yayobowe ibikorwa bya polisi mu majyaruguru y’uburengerazuba bw’u Butaliyani. Yamenyekanye kubera uburyo yishe Abayahudi n’abaturage bo muri ako gace.
UKO YAHUNGIYE KU MUGABANE W’AMERIKA Y’EPFO: Yafashwe n’agatsiko k’abanzi ariko aza kubatoroka yihisha mu kigo cy’ababikira mu butaliyani. Nyuma yo kuba umujyanama mu bya gisirkare wa Perezida wa Siriya mu mwaka w’1948 yasubiye mu Butaliyani nyuma za guhungira mu gihugu cya Ecuador mu mwaka w’1949 mbere yo kujya kuba muri Chile aho yabayeho akoresha izina rye.
UBURYO YATOROTSE UBUTABERA: Ntabwo yigeze afatwa ahubwo yakoze nk’umuyobozi w’ikigo kibika amafi ngo atangirika akabifatanya n’akazi k’ubutasi yakoreraga Ubudage bw’uburengerazuba hagati y’umwaka w’1958 n’1962. Baje kumenya aho aherereye igihe yandikaga ibaruwa isaba ko amafaranga ye y’izabukuru bajya bayohereza kuri adresi ze nshya muri Chile. Yafatiwe muri Chile mu mwaka w’1962 ariko yaje kurekurwa n’urukiko rukuru umwaka ukurikiyeho. Umunyagituku Augusto Pinochet wa Chile yimye amatwi Ubudage bw’iburengerazuba bwamusabaga kubaha Rauff. Uyu munazi yapfiriye muri Chile mu mwamkwa w’1984. Abadage n’abaturage bo muri Chile bamuterera isaluti y’abanazi igira iti” Heil Hitler” igihe bamushyinguraga.
4. Franz Stangl
IBIKORWA BIBI BYAMURANZE: Bari baramwise ‘URUPFU RW’UMWERU” kubera yambaraga impuzankana y’umweru agatwara n’umugozi wakoreshwaga mu gukubita inyamaswa cyangwa abantu. Yakoze mu kigo cya Euthanazi cyari gishinzwe kwica abavukanye uburwayi bwo mu mutwe n’ibimuga. nyuma yayoboye inkambi ya Triblinka na Sabibor muri Poland agace kari kayobowe n’Ubudage. Bavuga ko Abayahudi barenga ibihumbi 100 biciwe mu nkambi ya Sobibor yari ayoboye mbere y’uko yimurirwa mu nkambi ya Treblinka yabaye inkambi ya kabiri yiciwemo Abayahudi benshi bagera ku bihumbi 900.
URUGENDO RWE KU MUGABANE W’AMERIKA Y’EPFO: Nyuma y’intambara yafashwe n’abanyamerika ariko aza gutorokera mu gihugu cy’Ubutaliyani avuye muri gereza y’inkambi yo muri Austria mu mwaka w’1947. Bishop Alois Hudai wari ufatanyije n’abanazi bo muri Austria nibo bamufashije gutorokera muri Siriya agendeye ku rupapuro rw’urugendo rw’umuryango utabara imbabare mbere yo kujya muri Argentina mu mwaka w’1951.
UKO YAFAHSWE: Yakoreraga ikigo cya Volkswagen muri São Paulo akoresheje izina rye aza gufatwa mu mwaka w’1967 nyuma yo gukurikiranwa na Simon Wiesenthal warokotse ubwicanyi bw’indengakamere bw’abanazi akaba yari mu babahiga. Yaje kwoherezwa mu Budage aho yagejejwe imbere y’ubutabera agahamwa n’ibyaha byo kuba yarishe abantu ibihumbi 900. Yakatiwe gufungwa burundu aza gupfa umutima uhagaze mu mwaka w’1971.
5. Josef Schwammberger
IBIKORWA BIBI BYAMURANZE: Yayoboye inkambi 3 zari zifungiyemo Abayahudi muri Poland. Abantu benshi bapfiriye muri izo nkambi bamwe barashwe na Schwammberger ubwe. Mu mwaka w’1943 yateguye iyicwa ry’Abayahudi 500. Yarashe abantu 35 mu nkambi ya Przemyśl yabarasaga abaturutse inyuma mw’irugu abandi abohereza mu nkambi ya Auschwitz. Mu mwaka w’1944, yakubuye umujyi wa Mielec yica Abayahudi. In Mielec in 1944, he cleansed the city of Jews. Simon Wiesenthal avuga ko yagendaga atambuga imirambo y’Abantu.
UKO YAGEZE KU MUGABANE W’AMERIKA Y’EPFO: Yafatiwe muri Austria mu mwaka w’1945 nyuma aratoroka ahungira mu Butaliyani mu mwaka w’1948. Amezi make nyuma yaho yageze muri Argentina aho yabayeho ntakwihishahisha akresha izina rye aza no kubona ubwenegihugu.
UKO YAFASHWE: Ubudage bwamushakishije mu mwaka w’1973. Yagiye kwihisha ariko yaje n’ubundi gufatwa n’igihugu cya Argentina mu mwaka w’1987 nyuma y’uko uwatanze amakuru y’aho ari ayaha Ubudage yahawe amadorari $300,000 by’igihembo. Yasubujwe mu Budage mu mwaka w’1990 kugira ngo urubanza rwe rucibwe. Abatangabuhamya bavuze ko Schwammberger yajygunye infungwa ku bibatsi by’umuriro, yiciye Abayahudi hejuru y’imva zabo babacukuriye, yishe abana ajugunye imitwe yabo ku nkuta kuko atashakaga gupfusha amasasu ye ubusa. Mu mwaka w’1992 ibyo byaha byose byaramuhamye bamukatira gufungwa burundi. yaje gupfira muri gereza mu mwaka w’2004 afite imyaka 92.
6. Erich Priebke
IBIKORWA BIBI BYAMURANZE: Yagize uruhare mu bwicanyi bwakorewe Abayahudi i Roma bagera kuri 335. Ubwo bwicanyi bwabaye nyuma y’iyicwa ry’Abanazi 33 bishwe n’abataliyani. Yarimo yihorera. Priebke yemeye ko yishe Abataliyani 2 ariko yavuze ko yari amategeko yari yahawe. Priebke kandi yasinye ko Abaromani 2,000 b’Abayahudi boherezwa mu nkambi ya Auschwitz.
UKO YAGEZE KU MUGABANE WA AMERIKA Y’EPFO: Yatorotse gereza yo mu Bwongereza mu mwaka w’1945 urangira anyuze muri senyenge icyo gihe abarinzi bari basinze basinziriye. Nawe yafashijwe na Bishop Alois Hudal guhungira muri Argentina agendeye ku rupapuro rw’inzira rw’umuryango utabara imbabare mu mwaka w’1948. Yakoze mu kigo cy’ishuri cy’abadage akoresha izina rye.
UBURYO YAFASHWE: Mu mwaka w’1994 amateka ya Priebke yahishuriwe isi nyuma y’ikiganiro yagiranye n’umunyamakuru wa ABC. Nyuma y’icyo kiganiro yarafashwe yoherezwa mu Butaliyani aho ibyaha byamuhamye bamukatira gufungwa burundu agafungishwa ijisho. Yapfuye mu mwaka w’2013 afite imyaka 100. Ishingurwa rye ryakuruye imivundano hagati y’abafaschiste na anti faschiste bituma bamushyingura mw’ibanga nyuma y’uko Argentina yanze ko bamushyingura ku butaka bwabo.
7. Gerhard Bohne
IBIKORWA BIBI BYAMURANZE: Bohne yashize mu bikorwa gahunda ya Hitreri yo guhuta yakoreshejwe mu kwica abafite uburwayi bwo mu mutwe n’ibimuga. Ubwo buryo bwakoreshejwe mu kwica abadage bagera ku bihumbi 200 bari bafite uburwayi budakira. Abo bari bafite uburwayi budakira, uburwayi bwo mu mutwe n’ubumuga babajyanye mu byumba aho biciraga abantu bakoresheje imyuka ibabuza guhumeka.
UKO YAGEZE KU MUGABANE WA AMERIKA: Yahungiye muri Argentina mu mwaka w’1949 yihinduye umutekinisiye w’igisirikare cya Perezida Juan Peron. Nyuma yaje guhishura ko abafasha ba Juan Peron bamuhaye amafaranga n’impapuro zimuranga.
UBURYO YAFASHWE: Nyuma ya Coup d’etat yakuyeho Juan Peron, Bohne yasubijwe mu Budage aho urukiko rw’i Frankfurt rwamukatiye mu mwaka w’1963. Yaje kurekurwa by;agateganyo ahita ahungira nanone muri Argentina nyuma aza kongera gusubizwa mu Budage igihe igihugu cya Argentina cyasubizaga Abanazi u Budage. Nyuma yo gutangazwa ko adashobora kujya kuburana mu rukiko. Yapfuye nyuma y’imyaka 15 mu mwaka w’1981.
Bakunzi ba Bamenya iki kiganiro tugicumbikiye hano, tuzakomeza ubutaha